Castabala_(city) Knowpia

Castabala (Greek: Καστάβαλα), also known as Hieropolis and Hierapolis (Greek: Ίεράπολις) was a city in Cilicia (modern southern Turkey), near the Ceyhan River (ancient Pyramus).

The Turkish town of Kırmıtlı, in the Osmaniye district of Osmaniye Province, is about 3 miles wsw of the ancient city.

The ruins were first identified from inscriptions in March 1890 by the British explorer J. Theodore Bent.^[1]

Early history edit

Castabala was one of the cities of the Late Hitite period. The name Castabala was probably of Luwian origin. The city was captured by Achaemenid Empire and became part of the Cilician satrapy and then by Alexander the Great. First mentioned in literature when Alexander the Great made a stage before the Battle of Issos.^[2]

During the Hellenistic period and Roman period it was called Hieropolis, known as either Hieropolis on the Pyramos or as Hieropolis Castabala.^[2] In the first century BC, after the Cilician pirates were defeated, it became the capital of Tarcondimotus a ruler of a small client kingdom.^[3] Later, the city became a part of Cappadocia Province in the Roman Empire.

At the city there was the sanctuary of Artemis Perasia (Περασίας Ἀρτέμιδος ἱερόν).^[2]^[4] According to Strabo, the priestesses were walking with naked feet over hot embers without pain.^[4] He also added that "some tell us over and over the same story of Orestes and Tauropolus, asserting that she was called Perasian because she was brought from the other side."^[4]

Roman Period edit

The city was important enough in the Roman province of Cilicia Secunda to become a suffragan of its capital Anazarbus's Metropolitan Archbishopric, but would fade.^[5]

Titular see edit

The Diocese of Castabala is a titular bishopric of the Catholic Church^[6] reflecting its active status in Late Antiquity.

Gallery edit

References edit

^ ‘Recent Discoveries in Eastern Cilicia’. The Journal of Hellenic Studies, 1890, Vol. 11, 231-5.
^ ^a ^b ^c The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, HIEROPOLIS CASTABALA Cilicia Campestris, Turkey.
^ Tobin, Jenner (2001). "The Tarcondimotid Dynasty in Smooth Cilicia". Actes de la Table Ronde d'Istanbul, 2-5 novembre 1999: 381–387.
^ ^a ^b ^c Strabo, Geography, 12.2.7
^ Edwards, Robert W., "Kastabala" (2016). The Eerdmans Encyclopedia of Early Christian Art and Archaeology, ed., Paul Corby Finney. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 8–9. ISBN 978-0-8028-9017-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2013, ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 860