Cenchrus Knowpia

Cenchrus
	Cenchrus longispinus
	Cenchrus echinatus burr
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Clade:	Commelinids
Order:	Poales
Family:	Poaceae
Subfamily:	Panicoideae
Supertribe:	Panicodae
Tribe:	Paniceae
Subtribe:	Cenchrinae
Genus:	Cenchrus; L. (1753)
Type species
	Cenchrus echinatus; L.
Synonyms
	Amphochaeta Andersson (1855); Beckeropsis Fig. & De Not. (1853); Catatherophora Steud. (1829); Cenchropsis Nash (1903); Echinaria Fabr. (1759), rejected name not Desf. 1799; Eriochaeta Fig. & De Not. (1853); Gymnotrix P.Beauv. (1812); Kikuyuochloa H.Scholz (2006); Lloydia Delile (1844), nom. illeg.; Odontelytrum Hack. (1898); Penicillaria Willd. (1809); Pennisetum Rich. (1805); Pseudochaetochloa Hitchc. (1924); Raram Adans. (1763); Runcina Allamand (1770); Sericura Hassk. (1842);

Cenchrus is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family.^[3]^[6] Its species are native to many countries in Asia, Africa, Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands.^[7]^[8]

Common names include buffelgrasses, sandburs, and sand spur. Such names allude to the sharp, spine-covered burrs characterizing the inflorescences of the members of the genus.^[9]

Some botanists include the genus within the related genus Pennisetum.

Species edit

107 species are currently accepted.^[5] They include:^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]

Cenchrus abyssinicus (Hack.) Morrone – Ethiopia, Tanzania, Yemen, Limpopo, Mpumalanga
Cenchrus agrimonioides Trin. – kāmanomano – Hawaiian Islands
Cenchrus alopecuroides (L.) Thunb.
Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone
Cenchrus annuus (Mez) Morrone
Cenchrus arnhemicus (F.Muell.) Morrone – Australia (Western Australia and Northern Territory)
Cenchrus articularis (Trin.) M.W.Tornab. & W.L.Wagner
Cenchrus basedowii (Summerh. & C.E.Hubb.) Morrone
Cenchrus beckeroides (Leeke) ined.
Cenchrus biflorus Roxb. – kram-kram – Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Indian Subcontinent, and Madagascar
Cenchrus brevisetosus (B.K.Simon) B.K.Simon – Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, and Queensland)
Cenchrus brownii Roem. & Schult. – North America, South America, and West Indies
Cenchrus cafer (Bory) Veldkamp
Cenchrus caliculatus Cav. – Australia, New Zealand, and assorted islands in the Pacific and Indian oceans
Cenchrus caudatus (Schrad.) Kuntze
Cenchrus chilensis (É.Desv.) Morrone
Cenchrus ciliaris L. – buffelgrass – Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Indian Subcontinent, and Sicily; naturalized as a nutritious arid pasture lands in parts of North and South America, Australia,^[14] Southeast Asia, and various islands; considered noxious weed in some places
Cenchrus clandestinus (Hochst. ex Chiov.) Morrone
Cenchrus complanatus (Nees) Morrone
Cenchrus × cupreus (Thorpe) Govaerts
Cenchrus distachyus (E.Fourn.) Morrone
Cenchrus distichophyllus Griseb. – Cuba
Cenchrus divisus (J.F.Gmel.) Verloove, Govaerts & Buttler
Cenchrus domingensis (Spreng. ex Schult.) Morrone
Cenchrus durus (Beal) Morrone
Cenchrus echinatus L. – common sandbur – North America, South America, and West Indies; naturalized in parts of Africa, southern Asia, and various islands
Cenchrus elegans (Hassk.) Veldkamp – Malesia
Cenchrus elymoides F.Muell. – Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, and Queensland)
Cenchrus exiguus (Mez) ined.
Cenchrus flaccidus (Griseb.) Morrone
Cenchrus flexilis (Mez) Morrone
Cenchrus foermerianus (Leeke) Morrone
Cenchrus geniculatus Thunb.
Cenchrus glaucifolius (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Rudov
Cenchrus gracilescens (Hochst.) Zon
Cenchrus gracillimus Nash – West Indies and southeastern USA
Cenchrus henryanus (F.Br.) M.W.Tornab. & W.L.Wagner
Cenchrus hohenackeri (Hochst. ex Steud.) Morrone
Cenchrus hordeoides (Lam.) Morrone
Cenchrus intectus (Chase) Morrone
Cenchrus lanatus (Klotzsch) Morrone
Cenchrus latifolius (Spreng.) Morrone
Cenchrus laxius (Clayton) Zon
Cenchrus ledermannii (Mez) ined.
Cenchrus longisetus M.C.Johnst.
Cenchrus longispinus (Hack.) Fern. – mat sandbur – Canada, USA, and Mexico
Cenchrus longissimus (S.L.Chen & Y.X.Jin) Morrone
Cenchrus × longistylus (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Thulin & S.M.Phillips
Cenchrus massaicus (Stapf) Morrone
Cenchrus mezianus (Leeke) Morrone
Cenchrus michoacanus H.F.Gut. & Morrone
Cenchrus mitis Andersson – Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and Mozambique
Cenchrus monostigma (Pilg.) Morrone
Cenchrus multiflorus J.Presl – Mexico, Central America
Cenchrus mutilatus Kuntze
Cenchrus myosuroides Kunth – North America, South America, and West Indies
Cenchrus nanus (Engl.) ined.
Cenchrus nervosus (Nees) Kuntze
Cenchrus nodiflorus (Franch.) Zon
Cenchrus nubicus (Hochst.) Zon
Cenchrus occidentalis (Chase) Morrone
Cenchrus orientalis (Rich.) Morrone
Cenchrus palmeri Vasey – Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora, Sinaloa, and Arizona
Cenchrus pennisetiformis Steud. – Africa, Arabian Peninsula, and Indian Subcontinent
Cenchrus peruvianus (Trin.) Morrone
Cenchrus petiolaris (Hochst.) Morrone
Cenchrus pilcomayensis (Mez) Morrone
Cenchrus pilosus Kunth – central Mexico to northern Chile
Cenchrus pirottae (Chiov.) Zon
Cenchrus platyacanthus Andersson – Galápagos
Cenchrus prieurii (Kunth) Maire – Sahara, Arabian Peninsula, Indian Subcontinent, and Myanmar
Cenchrus preslii (Kunth) ined.
Cenchrus procerus (Stapf) Morrone
Cenchrus prolificus (Chase) Morrone
Cenchrus pseudotriticoides (A.Camus) Voronts.
Cenchrus pumilus (Hack.) ined.
Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone – Africa and Oman
Cenchrus qianningensis (S.L.Zhong) Morrone
Cenchrus ramosus (Hochst.) Morrone
Cenchrus rigidus (Griseb.) Morrone
Cenchrus riparius (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Morrone
Cenchrus robustus R.D.Webster – Queensland and New South Wales
Cenchrus rupestris (Chase) Morrone
Cenchrus sagittatus (Henrard) Morrone
Cenchrus schweinfurthii (Pilg.) Zon
Cenchrus setaceus (Forssk.) Morrone – tender fountain grass, crimson fountaingrass – northern Africa and southwestern Asia; naturalized in Australia, New Zealand, and scattered places in Europe and the Americas
Cenchrus setiger Vahl – Sahara, East Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Indian Subcontinent, Myanmar, and Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Cenchrus shaanxiensis (S.L.Chen & Y.X.Jin) Morrone
Cenchrus sichuanensis (S.L.Chen & Y.X.Jin) Morrone
Cenchrus sieberianus (Schltdl.) Verloove
Cenchrus somalensis Clayton – Somalia
Cenchrus sphacelatus (Nees) Morrone
Cenchrus spinifex Cav. – coastal sandbur – North America, South America, and West Indies
Cenchrus squamulatus (Fresen.) Morrone
Cenchrus stramineus (Peter) Morrone
Cenchrus tempisquensis (R.W.Pohl) Morrone
Cenchrus thulinii (S.M.Phillips) Morrone
Cenchrus trachyphyllus (Pilg.) Morrone
Cenchrus tribuloides L. – sanddune sandbur – North America, South America, and West Indies
Cenchrus trisetus (Leeke) Morrone
Cenchrus tristachyus (Kunth) Kuntze
Cenchrus uliginosus (Hack.) ined.
Cenchrus unisetus (Nees) Morrone
Cenchrus violaceus (Lam.) Morrone
Cenchrus weberbaueri (Mez) Morrone
Cenchrus yemensis (Deflers) Rudov & Akhani

Formerly included^[10]

Several species are now considered better suited to other genera: Anthephora, Centotheca, Dactyloctenium, Echinaria, Echinolaena, Hackelochloa, Hilaria, Pennisetum, Phragmites, Scleria, Setaria, Trachys, Tragus, Tribolium.

Sand spur in front of a centimeter scale
Sandspurs with 1mm markings

References edit

^ "Genus: Cenchrus L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 1999-03-09. Archived from the original on 2011-06-05. Retrieved 2011-03-06.
^ lectotype designated by Green, Prop. Brit. Bot.: 193 (1929)
^ ^a ^b Tropicos, Cenchrus L.
^ Line drawing of Cenchrus longispinus from the USDA PLANTS Database. Source: http://plants.usda.gov/java/largeImage?imageID=ceca6_001_avd.tif Original source: USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. Illustrated flora of the northern states and Canada. Vol. 1: 167.
^ ^a ^b Cenchrus L. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
^ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 1049-1050 in Latin
^ Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 552 蒺藜草属 ji li cao shu Cenchrus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1049. 1753.
^ Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Cenchrus includes photos and range maps for several species
^ "What is a Sandspur anyway?". shelkey.org. 2008-10-20. Archived from the original on 2009-08-16. Retrieved 2009-11-13.
^ ^a ^b "Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families".
^ "Cenchrus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2011-03-06.
^ "GRIN Species Records of Cenchrus". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2009-05-08. Retrieved 2011-03-06.
^ The Plant List search for Cenchrus
^ Henry DR Pasture plants of Southern Inland Queensland. DPI. 1995

Culbert, D. (2003-10-19). "Sticky Sandspur". UF/IFAS Okeechobee County Extension Service.

External links edit

Clayton, W.D.; Vorontsova, M.S.; Harman, K.T.; Williamson, H. "Cenchrus". GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

[GRIN-1] "Genus: Cenchrus L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 1999-03-09. Archived from the original on 2011-06-05. Retrieved 2011-03-06.

[2] totype designated by Green, Prop. Brit. Bot.: 193 (1929)

[s-3] Tropicos, Cenchrus L.

[4] Line drawing of Cenchrus longispinus from the USDA PLANTS Database. Source: http://plants.usda.gov/java/largeImage?imageID=ceca6_001_avd.tif Original source: USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. Illustrated flora of the northern states and Canada. Vol. 1: 167.

[powo-5] Cenchrus L. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 1 July 2023.

[6] Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 1049-1050 in Latin

[7] Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 552 蒺藜草属 ji li cao shu Cenchrus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1049. 1753.

[8] Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Cenchrus includes photos and range maps for several species

[9] "What is a Sandspur anyway?". shelkey.org. 2008-10-20. Archived from the original on 2009-08-16. Retrieved 2009-11-13.

[aa-10] "Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families".

[ITIS-11] "Cenchrus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2011-03-06.

[GRINSpecies-12] "GRIN Species Records of Cenchrus". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2009-05-08. Retrieved 2011-03-06.

[13] The Plant List search for Cenchrus

[Henry_etal995-14] Henry DR Pasture plants of Southern Inland Queensland. DPI. 1995

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[6]

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[4]

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[9]

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[14]

Summary

Species edit

See also edit

References edit

External links edit

Cenchrus

Cenchrus longispinus^[4]

Cenchrus echinatus burr
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Clade:	Commelinids
Order:	Poales
Family:	Poaceae
Subfamily:	Panicoideae
Supertribe:	Panicodae
Tribe:	Paniceae
Subtribe:	Cenchrinae
Genus:	Cenchrus L. (1753)^[1]
Type species
Cenchrus echinatus^[2]^[3] L.
Synonyms^[5]
Amphochaeta Andersson (1855) Beckeropsis Fig. & De Not. (1853) Catatherophora Steud. (1829) Cenchropsis Nash (1903) Echinaria Fabr. (1759), rejected name not Desf. 1799 Eriochaeta Fig. & De Not. (1853) Gymnotrix P.Beauv. (1812) Kikuyuochloa H.Scholz (2006) Lloydia Delile (1844), nom. illeg. Odontelytrum Hack. (1898) Penicillaria Willd. (1809) Pennisetum Rich. (1805) Pseudochaetochloa Hitchc. (1924) Raram Adans. (1763) Runcina Allamand (1770) Sericura Hassk. (1842)