Summary
The Charlotte Medal is a silver medallion, 74 millimetres (2.9 in) in diameter, depicting the voyage of the convict transport Charlotte, with the First Fleet, to Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Its obverse depicts the ship and the reverse is inscribed with a description of the journey. Struck by convict Thomas Barrett upon arriving in Botany Bay aboard Charlotte in January 1788, the medal is said to be the first work of Australian colonial art.[1] Within a month, Barrett became the first person to be executed in the new colony.
Creation edit
During the journey the Charlotte visited Rio de Janeiro. Whilst at anchor, one of the ship's convicts, a forger and mutineer[2] by the name of Thomas Barrett was caught giving locals fake coins made from buckles, buttons and spoons. The Surgeon-general of the Fleet, John White was impressed with his skill in making these forgeries, without having the apparent means to do so. This led him to commission Barrett to make the medal, to commemorate the journey, possibly from the surgeon's silver kidney dish.[3][2]
Inscriptions edit
The obverse of the medal depicts the Charlotte at anchor at night in Botany Bay. The inscription reads
The Charlotte at anchor in Botany Bay Jan'y th.20.1788[1]
The reverse of the medal is inscribed with a journal of the voyage. It reads
Sailed the Charlotte of London from Spit head the 13 of May 1787. Bound for Botany Bay in th Island of new holland arriv,d at Teneriff th4 of June in Lat 28 13 N Long 16 23 W depart,d it 10 D', arriv,d at rio janeiro 6 of Aug in Lat 22,54 S Long 42,38 W, depart,d it the 5 of Sep' arriv,d at the Cape of good hope the 14 Oct' in Lat 34 29 S Long 18 29 E depart,d it th13 of Nov' and made the South Cape of New Holland the 8 of Jan 4 1788 in Lat 43,32 S Long 146,56 E arrivd at Botany Bay the 20 of Jan' the Charlotte in Co in Lat 34.00 South Long 151.00 East distance from great Britan Miles 13106[1]
Owners and ANMM purchase edit
It is unknown who owned the medal after White. It is possible that he presented it with his voyage findings, or it stayed with his family after his death, but at some point before 1919 it came into the possession of Princess Victoria and Prince Louis.[4]
In 1919 it was sold via Sotheby, Wilkinson & Hodge to a British numismatist, Henry Baldwin.[2]
In 1967 it was sold to an American numismatist, John J Ford.[2]
In 1981 it was sold to a Melbourne dentist, Dr John Chapman, for $15,000 at Spink Sydney Auction. Dr Chapman donated a medal containing a reproduction of the Charlotte Medal to Museum Victoria to mark its bicentennial, in 1988.[2][5][6][7]
In 2008 the Australian National Maritime Museum, with funds from the National Cultural Heritage Account, authorised through the Australian Government, won an auction for the medal with a bid of $750,000.[2][4] The final price was $873,750, with $200,000 of NCH funding.[8]
This makes it possible that, despite its age, the medal has only been sold four times.
Copper medal edit
A smaller copper medallion, with a diameter of 47 millimetres (1.9 in), was created at the same time. The medal was made for White's personal servant, William Broughton and omits the ship scene, being inscribed simply with an abridged version of the journey.[4] The medallion was uncovered during house restoration in the early 1940s.[6] It has been suggested that this medal should "rank as equal in rarity and significance" as its silver counterpart.[9]
References edit
- ^ a b c "Arriving". National Museum of Australia. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f Hosty, Kieran (September–November 2008), "The Charlotte Medal", Signals: Quarterly Magazine of The Australian National Maritime Museum, pp. 10–15, retrieved 10 March 2019
- ^ White, John (1790). "Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales with sixty-five plates of nondescript animals, birds, lizards, serpents, curious cones of trees and other natural productions". University of Sydney Library. pp. 44–45. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
- ^ a b c Coin Collector Blog (5 December 2012). "What is the Charlotte medal and why is it of such immense significance to Australia?". The Perth Mint Australia. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
- ^ John Chapman, Tracee Hutchison (10 July 2008). The 7.30 Report – Historical medals and coins go under the hammer (Television production). Melbourne, Australia: Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
- ^ a b Chapman, John (1998). "The Solution of the Charlotte Enigma" (PDF). Journal of the Numismatic Association of Australia. 9: 28–33. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 September 2014. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
- ^ "Medal – Bicentenary of the Charlotte Medal 1788–1988, Dr John Chapman, Caulfield South, Victoria, Australia, 1988". Museum Victoria. 1987. Archived from the original on 7 August 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
- ^ Cultural Property Section (2009). "Review of the Protection of Movable Cultural Heritage Act 1986 and Protection of Movable Cultural Heritage Regulations 1987 – Report of public consultation". Australian Government – Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
- ^ "Lot 740 – Aust. Historical Medals". Noble Numismatics PTY LTD. 26–29 November 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
External links edit
- The Charlotte Medal at the Australian National Maritime Museum