The last surviving child of Henri-Robert de la Marck Duke of Bouillon and Françoise de Bourbon. She was a member of the House of La Marck. Her older brother Guillaume-Robert died without surviving issue, and as such, Charlotte became the heiress to the Duchy of Bouillon, the Principality of Sedan and various other titles in 1588.

Her marriage was arranged by King Henri IV himself. Her husband was the son of the Viscount of Turenne and Eléonore de Montmorency, daughter of Anne de Montmorency. The couple were married on 19 November 1591. Upon marriage, her spouse became her co-ruler and shared her titles.

She died giving birth to a son who died the very same day. Charlotte herself died a week after. She was buried at the Church of Saint-Laurent in Sedan.

Her husband later claimed the Duchy of Bouillon as his own and in 1676, his grandson Godefroy Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne officially received Bouillon and Sedan. The Bouillon line of the House of La Marck died out with Charlotte.