Chlorine azide (ClN3) is an inorganic compound that was discovered in 1908 by Friedrich Raschig.[2] Concentrated ClN3 is notoriously unstable and may spontaneously detonate at any temperature.[3]
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Names | |||
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IUPAC name
Chlorine azide
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Identifiers | |||
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3D model (JSmol)
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PubChem CID
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |||
ClN3 | |||
Molar mass | 77.4731 g/mol | ||
Appearance | Yellow-orange liquid; colorless gas | ||
Melting point | −100 °C (−148 °F; 173 K) | ||
Boiling point | −15 °C (5 °F; 258 K) | ||
Solubility | Soluble[vague] in butane, pentane, benzene, methanol, ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and carbon disulfide; slightly soluble in water | ||
Structure | |||
orthorhombic | |||
Cmc 21, No. 36[1] | |||
Explosive data | |||
Shock sensitivity | Extreme | ||
Friction sensitivity | Extreme | ||
Hazards | |||
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |||
Main hazards
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Extremely sensitive explosive | ||
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
Related compounds | |||
Related compounds
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Hydrazoic acid Fluorine azide Bromine azide Iodine azide | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references
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Chlorine azide is prepared by passing chlorine gas over silver azide, or by an addition of acetic acid to a solution of sodium hypochlorite and sodium azide.[4]
Chlorine azide is extremely sensitive. It may explode, sometimes even without apparent provocation; it is thus too sensitive to be used commercially unless first diluted in solution. Chlorine azide reacts explosively with 1,3-butadiene, ethane, ethene, methane, propane, phosphorus, silver azide, and sodium. On contact with acid, chlorine azide decomposes, evolving toxic and corrosive hydrogen chloride gas.[5]
Its shipment is subject to strict reporting requirements and regulations by the US Department of Transportation.