Summary
Coleotichus blackburniae is a species of insect in the family Scutelleridae, the jewel bugs. It is commonly known as the Koa bug or the Koa shield bug.[1] It has been dubbed the stinkless stink bug for its lack of the malodorous defensive chemicals present in other heteropterans.[2] It is Hawaii's largest endemic true bug.
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| Species: | C. blackburniae
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| Binomial name | |
| Coleotichus blackburniae White, 1881[1]
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Description edit
The exoskeletons of Koa bugs contain many different iridescent colours.[3]
The eggs hatch approximately 9 days after being laid. They are only a few millimetres wide, and are laid in a tight cluster. They are green in colour at first, and then turn red as they develop.[3]
Distribution and habitat edit
This insect occurs on all the main islands of Hawaii.[4][5] They are found on `a`ali`i (Dodonaea viscosa) bushes[6] and koa (Acacia koa) trees.[4][6]
Also found on Formosan Koa (Acacia confusa) which is native to Southeast Asia. It has been commonly used in Hawaii as an ornamental landscape tree that has been deemed invasive. A. confusa and A. koa both have distinctive phyllodes that differentiate each species but since its introduction C. blackburniae has been recorded to associate with the invasive Formosan koa.
Behaviour and diet edit
Common to all true bugs, this species has no mouth parts with which to bite, cut, or chew its food. Instead it has a tube-like structure that it uses to suck the contents from the seeds of several types of koa and `a`ali`i plants.[3]
Numbers of this insect were greatly reduced on most of the Hawaiian islands. Two parasitoid flies which prey on hemipterans, Trichopoda pennipes[7][8] and Trissolcus basalis[8] were introduced with the intention of controlling Nezara viridula,[7][8] but also attacked the koa bug. While Trissolcus basalis attacked the Koa Bug's eggs, Trichopoda pennipes attacked Koa Bug adults.[8] Today, the Koa Bug is common in only a few areas of the Big Island.[4]
References edit
- ^ a b "Coleotichus blackburniae (Koa Sheild Bug)". Archived from the original on 2010-06-28. Retrieved 2011-04-27.
- ^ Coleotichus blackburniae (Scutellaridae) - HEAR species info
- ^ a b c http://www.uhh.hawaii.edu/affiliates/prism/documents/KoaBugLesson.pdf Koa Bug Investigation
- ^ a b c Koa Bug
- ^ Species Profile for Koa shield bug (Coleotichus blackburniae)
- ^ a b Insects of Hawaii: Coleotichus blackburniae (Koa bug)
- ^ a b Funasaki, George; Lai, Po-Yung; Nakahara, Larry; Beardsley, John; Ota, Asher (1988). "A Review of Biological Control Introductions in Hawaii: 1890 to 1985" (PDF). 28: 56.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d Follett, Peter; Duan, Jian, eds. (1999). Nontarget Effects of Biological Control. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. pp. 77–78. ISBN 9781461370673.
External links edit
- Images
- Egg images
- Image showing range in Hawaii
- Koa Bug Investigation: Many excellent images of adults, nymphs, eggs, and anatomical details