Communalism may refer to:

• Communalism (Bookchin), a theory of government in which autonomous communities form confederations
• Communalism (historiography) [de], a historical method that follows the development of communities
• Communalism (South Asia), violence across ethnic or communal boundaries
• African communalism, a system of interdependence in rural Africa
• Medieval communalism, a system of mutual allegiance and defense between cities in the European Middle Ages
• Intentional community, a planned, socially-cohesive, residential community
• Municipalism, governance by a region's local administrative division