Some programming languages provide a complex data type for complex number storage and arithmetic as a built-in (primitive) data type.
A complex variable or value is usually represented as a pair of floating-point numbers. Languages that support a complex data type usually provide special syntax for building such values, and extend the basic arithmetic operations ('+', '−', '×', '÷') to act on them. These operations are usually translated by the compiler into a sequence of floating-point machine instructions or into library calls. Those languages may also provide support for other operations, such as formatting, equality testing, etc. As in mathematics, those languages often interpret a floating-point value as equivalent to a complex value with a zero imaginary part.
<complex.h>
.complex
template class as well as complex-math functions in the <complex>
header.complex64
(each component is 32-bit float) and complex128
(each component is 64-bit float).complex
type. Imaginary number literals can be specified by appending a "j". Complex-math functions are provided in the standard library module cmath
.[2] ? (sqrt -1)
#C(0 1) ; the result of (sqrt -1)
sin
) are included in the language specification. Their implementation is however optional in the R5RS standard, while in R6RS is mandatory.PRINT SQRT(-4)
2i
complex
basic data type[4]