Summary
In military terminology, a countersign is a sign, word, or any other signal previously agreed upon and required to be exchanged between a sentry or guard and anybody approaching his or her post. The term usually encompasses both the sign given by the approaching party as well as the sentry's reply. However, in some militaries, the countersign is strictly the reply of the sentry to the password given by the person approaching.[1] A well-known sign/countersign used by the Allied forces on D-Day during World War II: the challenge/sign was "flash", the password "thunder", and the countersign (to challenge the person giving the first code word) "Welcome".[2] Some countersigns include words that are difficult for an enemy to pronounce. For instance, in the above example, the word "thunder" contains a voiceless dental fricative (/θ/)[3] which does not exist in the German language.[4]
In literature edit
The opening lines of William Shakespeare's play Hamlet are between soldiers on duty are viewed as representing a crude sign, where the line "Long live the King!" was a sign between soldiers:
- Bernardo. Who's there?
- Francisco. Nay, answer me. Stand and unfold yourself.
- Bernardo. Long live the King!
- Francisco. Bernardo?
- Bernardo. He.
See also edit
References edit
- ^ One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Countersign". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 316.
- ^ D-Day By Jon E. Lewis, Lord Carver, p. 40
- ^ "Definition of THUNDER". www.merriam-webster.com. 2024-01-15. Retrieved 2024-01-16.
- ^ Waterman, John Thomas (1991). A History of the German language: with special reference to the cultural and social forces that shaped the standard literary language (Revised ed., reissued ed.). Prospect Heights, Ill: Waveland. ISBN 978-0-88133-590-3.
