Cyanea is a genus of jellyfish, primarily found in northern waters of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and southern Pacific waters of Australia[1] and New Zealand, there are also several boreal,[2] polar, tropical and sub-tropical species. Commonly found in and associated with rivers and fjords.[3] The same genus name has been given to a genus of plants of the Hawaiian lobelioids, an example of a parahomonym (same name, different kingdom).[4]
CyaneaPéron and Lesueur, 1809
Species
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Species
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The taxonomy of Cyaneaspecies has seen increased scrutiny in recent years.[1][5][2] Early zoologists suggested that all species within the genus should be treated as one.[6][7] Recent molecular and integrative taxonomic studies have refuted this assertion[1][8][9] as the scyphozoan community has restored many of the previous species.[10] For example, in the North Sea, the lion's mane jellyfish and the blue jellyfish appear as distinct species.[11] On the East Coast of the United States there are at least two co-occurring species, C. fulva and C. versicolor.[12]Cyanea may be a species complex of recently diverged species.
^ abcDawson MN. 2005. Cyanea capillata is not a cosmopolitan jellyfish: morphological and molecular evidence for C. annaskala and C. rosea (Scyphozoa : Semaeostomeae : Cyaneidae) in south-eastern Australia. Invertebrate systematics 19:361–370.
^ abcKolbasova GD, Zalevsky AO, Gafurov AR, Gusev PO, Ezhova MA, Zheludkevich AA, Konovalova OP, Kosobokova KN, Kotlov NU, Lanina NO, Lapashina AS, Medvedev DO, Nosikova KS, Nuzhdina EO, Bazykin GA, Neretina TV. 2015. A new species of Cyanea jellyfish sympatric to C. capillata in the White Sea. Polar biology 38:1439–1451.
^Holst S, Laakmann S. 2014. Morphological and molecular discrimination of two closely related jellyfish species, Cyanea capillata and C. lamarckii (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa), from the northeast Atlantic. Journal of plankton research 36:48–63.
^Kramp PL. 1961. Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 40:7–382.
^Mayer AG. 1910. Medusae of the World: The Scyphomedusae. Carnegie institution of Washington.
^Sparmann, S. F. (2012). Contributions to the molecular phylogeny, phylogeography, and taxonomy of scyphozoan jellyfish (T). University of British Columbia. Retrieved from https://open.library.ubc.ca/collections/ubctheses/24/items/1.0073303
^Hotke, Kathryn M. (2015). DNA Barcode Variability in Canadian Cnidaria (T). The University of Guelph. Retrieved from https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/9236
^Jarms G, Morandini AC, Schmidt-Rhaesa A, Giere O, Straehler-Pohl I. 2019. World atlas of jellyfish: Scyphozoa except Stauromedusae. Abhandlungen und Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg.
^Howson, C.M. & Picton, B.E. (Ed.) (1997): The species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the British Isles and surrounding seas. Ulster Museum Publication, no 276. The Ulster Museum: Belfast, UK. ISBN 0-948150-06-8. vi, p 508
^Brewer RH. 1991. Morphological differences between, and reproductive isolation of, two populations of the jellyfish Cyanea in Long Island Sound, USA. In: Coelenterate Biology: Recent Research on Cnidaria and Ctenophora. Springer Netherlands, 471–477.
Bibliographyedit
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Brewer, R.H. (1989). "The Annual Pattern of Feeding, Growth, and Sexual Reproduction in Cyanea (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) in the Niantic River Estuary, Connecticut". The Biological Bulletin. 176 (3): 272–281. doi:10.2307/1541985. JSTOR 1541985. PMID 29300558.
Colin, S.P.; Kremer, P. (2002). "Population maintenance of the scyphozoan Cyanea sp. Settled planulae and the distribution of medusae in the Niantic River, Connecticut, USA". Estuaries. 25: 70–75. doi:10.1007/BF02696050. S2CID 84520360.
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Feng, S.; Zhang, G-T.; Sun, S.; Zhang, F.; Wang, S-W.; Liu, M-T. (2015). "Effects of temperature regime and food supply on asexual reproduction in Cyanea nozakii and Nemopilema nomurai". Hydrobiologia. 754: 201–214. doi:10.1007/s10750-015-2279-0. S2CID 254548374.
Gröndahl, F. (1988). "A comparative ecological study on the scyphozoans Aurelia aurita, Cyanea capillata and C. lamarckii in the Gullmar Fjord, western Sweden, 1982 to 1986". Marine Biology. 97 (4): 541–550. Bibcode:1988MarBi..97..541G. doi:10.1007/BF00391050. S2CID 82431464.
Gröndahl, F.; Hernroth, L. (1987). "Release and growth of Cyanea capillata (L.) ephyrae in the Gullmar Fjord, western Sweden". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 106: 91–101. doi:10.1016/0022-0981(87)90149-3.
Holst, S.; Jarms, G. (2010). "Effects of low salinity on settlement and strobilation of scyphozoa (Cnidaria): Is the lion's mane Cyanea capillata (L.) able to reproduce in the brackish Baltic Sea?". Jellyfish Blooms: New Problems and Solutions. Springer. pp. 53–68.
Hosia, A.; Titelman, J. (2011). "Intraguild predation between the native North Sea jellyfish Cyanea capillata and the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi". Journal of Plankton Research. 33 (3): 535–540. doi:10.1093/plankt/fbq106. PMC3188373. PMID 21984852.
Lindahl, O.; Hernroth, L. (1988). Large-scale and long-term variations in the zooplankton community of the Gullmar fjord, Sweden, in relation to advective processes. Marine Ecology Progress Series. Vol. 43. Oldendorf. pp. 161–171.
Steinberg, D.K.; Condon, R.H. (2009). "Zooplankton of the York River". Journal of Coastal Research. 10057: 66–79. doi:10.2112/1551-5036-57.sp1.66. S2CID 53628168.
Suchman, C.L.; Sullivan, B.K. (2000). "Effect of prey size on vulnerability of copepods to predation by the scyphomedusae Aurelia aurita and Cyanea sp". Journal of Plankton Research. 22 (12): 2289–2306. doi:10.1093/plankt/22.12.2289.
Titelman, J.; Gandon, L.; Goarant, A.; Nilsen, T. (2007). "Intraguild predatory interactions between the jellyfish Cyanea capillata and Aurelia aurita". Marine Biology. 152 (4): 745–756. Bibcode:2007MarBi.152..745T. doi:10.1007/s00227-007-0721-1. S2CID 84908815.
