Cycling_at_the_Summer_Paralympics Knowpia

Cycling at the Summer Paralympics
Cycling at the Summer Paralympics
Governing body	IPC
Events	44 (men: 30; women: 12; mixed: 2)
Games
	1960; 1964; 1968; 1972; 1976; 1980; 1984; 1988; 1992; 1996; 2000; 2004; 2008; 2012; 2016; 2020;
	Medalists; Records;

Cycling has been contested at every Summer Paralympic Games since the 1984 Summer Paralympics. From an original program of seven road races, the sport is now contested on both road and track, and since 2012 the cycling program at the Paralympics is typically the third largest of any sport in the Games, behind athletics and swimming, and running at approximately 50 separate events.

Summary of editions edit

Games	Year	Events	Best Nation
1	not held
2	not held
3	not held
4	not held
5	not held
6	not held
7	1984	7	Norway
8	1988	7	South Korea
9	1992	9	Germany
10	1996	23	Australia
11	2000	27	Australia
12	2004	31	Australia
13	2008	44	Great Britain
14	2012	50	Great Britain
15	2016	50	Great Britain
16	2020	51	Great Britain

Classification edit

Cyclists with visual impairments are paired with a sighted pilot. Here Scott McPhee pilots to Kieran Modra's stocker.

Cyclists are given a classification depending on the type and extent of their disability. The classification system allows cyclists to compete against others with a similar level of function.^[1]

At the 2008 Summer Paralympics and earlier, classes were:

B&VI 1–3: Cyclists with a visual impairment, using a tandem bicycle
LC 1–4: Cyclists with a locomotor disability, including those with amputations
CP 1–4: Cyclists with cerebral palsy, using a tricycle (CP 1–2) or bicycle (CP 3–4)
HC A, B, and C: Cyclists using a handcycle

At the 2012 Summer Paralympics, a functional para-cycling classification system was used.

B: Cyclists with a vision impairment, using a tandem bicycle
T 1–2: Cyclists with cerebral palsy, MS or similar neuro-motor impairment, using a tricycle
C 1–5: Cyclists with amputations, neuromotor or musculoskeletal impairment, using a bicycle
H 1–4: Cyclists using a handcycle

Factoring edit

In some cycling events, cyclists with different classifications compete against each other for one set of medals. Many (but not all) such events are factored, reducing the times of riders in lower classifications to take their greater impairment into account. Factoring percentages are based on average race times by riders in each classification.^[2]

At the 2012 Summer Paralympics, factored races included the mixed tricycle time trial, Women's C1–3 road time trial,^[3] Women's H1–2 road time trial and track C1–3 and C4–5 events.

Road cycling edit

Men's events edit

Current events
Events	1984	1988	1992	1996	2000	2004	2008	2012	2016	2020	Years
Road race	-	-	X	-	-	X	X	X	X	X	6
Time trial	X	X	X	X	-	X	X	X	X	X	9
Past events
Events	1984	1988	1992	1996	2000	2004	2008	2012	2016	2020	Years
Team tandem open, time trial	-	-	X	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1

Women's events edit

Nation	1984	1988	1992	1996	2000	2004	2008	2012	2016	2020	Years
Road race	X	-	-	-	-	X	X	X	X	X	6
Time trial	X	-	X	-	-	X	X	X	X	X	7

Mixed events edit

Current events
Events	1984	1988	1992	1996	2000	2004	2008	2012	2016	2020	Years
Team relay	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	X	X	X	3
Past events
Events	1984	1988	1992	1996	2000	2004	2008	2012	2016	2020	Years
Road race	-	-	-	X	X	-	X	X	-	-	4
Time trial	-	-	-	X	X	-	X	X	-	-	4

Medal table edit


Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Germany (GER)	21	20	15	56
2	United States (USA)	19	28	20	67
3	Great Britain (GBR)	17	12	7	36
4	Australia (AUS)	14	15	15	44
5	France (FRA)	14	6	14	34
6	Netherlands (NED)	13	10	11	34
7	Italy (ITA)	12	13	8	33
8	Spain (ESP)	9	8	12	29
9	Canada (CAN)	9	8	9	26
10	Austria (AUT)	7	9	7	23
11	Ireland (IRL)	6	2	3	11
12	Poland (POL)	5	6	2	13
13	Czech Republic (CZE)	5	3	5	13
14	Switzerland (SUI)	4	6	7	17
15	Belgium (BEL)	4	5	7	16
16	China (CHN)	3	6	5	14
17	South Korea (KOR)	3	5	5	13
18	Slovakia (SVK)	3	3	2	8
19	Japan (JPN)	3	2	6	11
20	South Africa (RSA)	3	2	2	7
21	Ukraine (UKR)	3	2	0	5
22	Norway (NOR)	3	1	3	7
23	Belarus (BLR)	3	1	0	4
24	RPC (RPC)	2	0	0	2
25	Denmark (DEN)	1	0	0	1
26	Sweden (SWE)	0	2	2	4
27	Czechoslovakia (TCH)	0	2	0	2
	Finland (FIN)	0	2	0	2
	Romania (ROU)	0	2	0	2
30	New Zealand (NZL)	0	1	4	5
31	West Germany (FRG)	0	1	2	3
32	Brazil (BRA)	0	1	1	2
32	Portugal (POR)	0	1	1	2
34	Israel (ISR)	0	1	0	1
35	Colombia (COL)	0	0	2	2
35	Lebanon (LIB)	0	0	2	2
37	Argentina (ARG)	0	0	1	1
37	Russia (RUS)	0	0	1	1
Totals (38 entries)		186	186	181	553

Track cycling edit

Men's events edit

Current events
Event	1996	2000	2004	2008	2012	2016	2020	Years
Bicycle, individual pursuit	-	-	X	X	X	X	X	5
Bicycle, time trial	-	-	X	X	X	X	X	5
Tandem, individual pursuit	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	7
Tandem, time trial	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	7
Past events
Events	1996	2000	2004	2008	2012	2016	2020	Years
Bicycle, team sprint	-	-	X	X	-	-	-	2
Tandem, sprint	X	X	X	X	-	-	-	4

Women's events edit

Current events
Events	1996	2000	2004	2008	2012	2016	2020	Years
Bicycle, individual pursuit	-	-	-	-	X	X	X	3
Bicycle, 500m time trial	-	-	-	X	X	X	X	4
Tandem, individual pursuit	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	7
Tandem, 1 km time trial	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	7
Past events
Events	1996	2000	2004	2008	2012	2016	2020	Years
Bicycle, 1 km time trial	-	-	X	-	-	X	-	2
Tandem, sprint	-	-	X	-	-	-	-	1

Mixed events edit

Current events
Events	1996	2000	2004	2008	2012	2016	2020	Years
Team, sprint	-	X	-	-	X	X	X	4
Past events
Events	1996	2000	2004	2008	2012	2016	2020	Years
Omnium	X	-	-	-	-	-	-	1
Tandem open, individual pursuit	X	X	-	-	-	-	-	2
Tandem open, sprint	X	X	-	-	X	X	-	4
Tandem open, time trial	X	X	-	-	-	-	-	2

Medal table edit


Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Great Britain (GBR)	34	18	9	61
2	Australia (AUS)	27	20	19	66
3	China (CHN)	10	9	12	31
4	United States (USA)	7	13	12	32
5	Netherlands (NED)	6	6	5	17
6	Italy (ITA)	5	2	6	13
7	Spain (ESP)	4	7	9	20
8	France (FRA)	4	5	7	16
9	Czech Republic (CZE)	3	4	5	12
10	Slovakia (SVK)	3	2	2	7
11	Germany (GER)	2	8	7	17
12	Japan (JPN)	2	5	0	7
13	New Zealand (NZL)	2	2	3	7
14	Austria (AUT)	1	3	1	5
15	Romania (ROU)	1	1	0	2
16	Switzerland (SUI)	1	0	1	2
16	Ukraine (UKR)	1	0	1	2
18	Belarus (BLR)	1	0	0	1
18	RPC (RPC)	1	0	0	1
20	Canada (CAN)	0	5	5	10
21	Ireland (IRL)	0	2	1	3
22	Norway (NOR)	0	1	2	3
23	Poland (POL)	0	1	1	2
24	South Korea (KOR)	0	1	0	1
25	Colombia (COL)	0	0	3	3
26	Belgium (BEL)	0	0	2	2
27	Argentina (ARG)	0	0	1	1
27	South Africa (RSA)	0	0	1	1
Totals (28 entries)		115	115	115	345

Overall medal table edit

Updated to 2020 Summer Paralympics. Countries in italics are former countries who participated in the Paralympics.^[4]


Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Great Britain	51	30	16	97
2	Australia	41	35	34	110
3	United States	26	41	32	99
4	Germany	23	28	22	73
5	Netherlands	19	16	16	51
6	France	18	11	21	50
7	Italy	17	15	14	46
8	Spain	13	15	21	49
9	China	13	15	17	45
10	Canada	9	13	14	36
11	Austria	8	12	8	28
12	Czech Republic	8	7	10	25
13	Slovakia	6	5	4	15
14	Ireland	6	4	4	14
15	Japan	5	7	6	18
16	Poland	5	7	3	15
17	Switzerland	5	6	8	19
18	Belgium	4	5	9	18
19	Ukraine	4	2	1	7
20	Belarus	4	1	0	5
21	South Korea	3	6	5	14
22	Norway	3	2	5	10
23	South Africa	3	2	3	8
24	RPC	3	0	0	3
25	New Zealand	2	3	7	12
26	Romania	1	3	0	4
27	Denmark	1	0	0	1
28	Sweden	0	2	2	4
29	Czechoslovakia (TCH)	0	2	0	2
29	Finland	0	2	0	2
31	West Germany (FRG)	0	1	2	3
32	Brazil	0	1	1	2
32	Portugal	0	1	1	2
34	Israel	0	1	0	1
35	Colombia	0	0	5	5
36	Argentina	0	0	2	2
36	Lebanon	0	0	2	2
38	Russia	0	0	1	1
Totals (38 entries)		301	301	296	898

Nations edit

Nation	60	64	68	72	76	80	84	88	92	96	00	04	08	12	16	20	Total
Afghanistan (AFG)										2		2					2
Albania (ALB)														1			1
Argentina (ARG)												1	3	3	5		4
Australia (AUS)								1	8	14	22	19	17	15	15		8
Austria (AUT)								1	4	7	9	7	11	7	4		8
Barbados (BAR)											1	1					2
Belarus (BLR)										2	4	6	6	2			5
Belgium (BEL)								3	7	5	2	1	3	4	8		8
Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH)												1					1
Brazil (BRA)									1	1	2	1	2	2	5		7
Burkina Faso (BUR)									2	2			1	2			4
Canada (CAN)							4	3	15	7	10	12	15	15	14		9
China (CHN)												6	8	8	11		4
Colombia (COL)												1	4	3	6		4
Costa Rica (CRC)														1	1		2
Croatia (CRO)													1	2			2
Cuba (CUB)														1	1		2
Czech Republic (CZE)										3	6	8	8	8	8		6
Czechoslovakia (TCH)								1	3								2
Denmark (DEN)												1	3	2	2		4
Dominican Republic (DOM)														1	1		2
Estonia (EST)															1		1
Finland (FIN)							1					2	2	2	3		5
France (FRA)							1	6	16	17	18	9	9	14	5		9
Germany (GER)									9	13	13	17	17	16	15		7
Ghana (GHA)														1	1		2
Great Britain (GBR)							1	1	7	8	8	8	12	19	20		9
Greece (GRE)												4	2	5	6		4
Haiti (HAI)														1			1
Hungary (HUN)															2		1
Iran (IRI)												1		1	1		3
Ireland (IRL)									1			3	6	10	10		5
Israel (ISR)												1	1	3	1		4
Italy (ITA)									8	12	9	7	9	13	13		7
Japan (JPN)										2	7	6	5	4	5		6
Lebanon (LBN)													1	1			2
Luxembourg (LUX)													1		2		2
Malaysia (MAS)														2	4		2
Mexico (MEX)													1				1
Netherlands (NED)							3		4	7	3	5	6	11	18		8
New Zealand (NZL)												2	5	6	8		4
Norway (NOR)							3	2	4	4	6	7	1	2	1		9
Pakistan (PAK)										1							1
Peru (PER)															1		1
Poland (POL)												3	6	6	12		4
Portugal (POR)							3				1	1	1		2		5
Romania (ROU)												1	3	2	2		4
Russia (RUS)														2			1
Serbia (SRB)														2			1
Singapore (SGP)										2	2						2
Slovakia (SVK)										2	4	4	4	6	5		6
Slovenia (SLO)												1	1	1	1		4
South Africa (RSA)												4	7	6	6		4
South Korea (KOR)								10	5	3	4	2	2	2	3		8
Spain (ESP)									17	26	23	14	16	16	12		7
Sweden (SWE)												1		1	4		3
Switzerland (SUI)									6	6	8	8	5	8	7		7
Ukraine (UKR)														1	1		2
Unified Team (EUN)									2								1
United States (USA)							3	11	30	35	35	18	13	17	24		9
Venezuela (VEN)											1	1	2	2	2		5
West Germany (FRG)							3	1									2

Nations							8	11	19	23	25	39	39	48	45
Competitors							22	40	149	181	202	196	220	223	235
Year	60	64	68	72	76	80	84	88	92	96	00	04	08	12	16	20

References edit

^ Cycling Archived 2011-07-06 at the Wayback Machine, Canadian Paralympic Committee
^ "Paralympics: Cyclist wins GB's first medal". Channel 4. 30 August 2012. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
^ "Cycling - Road". Australian Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on 13 February 2013. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2023-10-25. Retrieved 2023-10-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)