DLX2 Knowpia

DLX2
Identifiers
Aliases	DLX2, TES-1, TES1, AW121999, Dlx-2, distal-less homeobox 2
External IDs	OMIM: 126255 MGI: 94902 HomoloGene: 3244 GeneCards: DLX2
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 2 (human)
End	172,102,900 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 2 (mouse)
End	71,377,098 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	sperm; ; ganglionic eminence; ; periodontal fiber; ; pericardium; ; Brodmann area 23; ; middle temporal gyrus; ; superior frontal gyrus; ; occipital lobe; ; stromal cell of endometrium; ; prefrontal cortex;
	Top expressed in
	medial ganglionic eminence; ; molar; ; olfactory bulb; ; hair follicle; ; enteric nervous system; ; urethra; ; female urethra; ; male urethra; ; maxillary prominence; ; suprachiasmatic nucleus;
	More reference expression data
	; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	DNA binding; sequence-specific DNA binding; RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding; DNA-binding transcription factor activity; DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; chromatin binding; protein binding; single-stranded RNA binding; DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding;
Cellular component	nucleus;
Biological process	cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron differentiation; proximal/distal pattern formation; cell differentiation; regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; transcription by RNA polymerase II; branching morphogenesis of a nerve; embryonic skeletal system development; multicellular organism development; odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth; cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron fate commitment; cartilage development; brain development; negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation; forebrain neuron differentiation; embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis; olfactory bulb development; hippocampus development; subpallium development; negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway; positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; positive regulation of cell differentiation; negative regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation; positive regulation of amacrine cell differentiation; transcription, DNA-templated;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	1746
	13392
	ENSG00000115844
	ENSMUSG00000023391
	Q07687
	P40764
	NM_004405
	NM_010054
	NP_004396; NP_004396.1
	NP_034184
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Homeobox protein DLX-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DLX2 gene.^[5]^[6]

Many vertebrate homeo box-containing genes have been identified on the basis of their sequence similarity with Drosophila developmental genes. Members of the Dlx gene family contain a homeobox that is related to that of Distal-less (Dll), a gene expressed in the head and limbs of the developing fruit fly. The Distal-less (Dlx) family of genes comprises at least 6 different members, DLX1-DLX6. The DLX proteins are postulated to play a role in forebrain and craniofacial development. This gene is located in a tail-to-tail configuration with another member of the gene family on the long arm of chromosome 2.^[6]

Interactions edit

DLX2 has been shown to interact with DLX5,^[7] MSX1^[7] and Msh homeobox 2.^[7]

References edit

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000115844 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000023391 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Ozcelik T, Porteus MH, Rubenstein JL, Francke U (Sep 1992). "DLX2 (TES1), a homeobox gene of the Distal-less family, assigned to conserved regions on human and mouse chromosomes 2". Genomics. 13 (4): 1157–61. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90031-M. PMID 1354641.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: DLX2 distal-less homeobox 2".
^ ^a ^b ^c Zhang, H; Hu G; Wang H; Sciavolino P; Iler N; Shen M M; Abate-Shen C (May 1997). "Heterodimerization of Msx and Dlx homeoproteins results in functional antagonism". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (5). UNITED STATES: 2920–32. doi:10.1128/mcb.17.5.2920. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 232144. PMID 9111364.

Further reading edit

Harris SE, Guo D, Harris MA, et al. (2003). "Transcriptional regulation of BMP-2 activated genes in osteoblasts using gene expression microarray analysis: role of Dlx2 and Dlx5 transcription factors". Front. Biosci. 8 (6): s1249–65. doi:10.2741/1170. PMID 12957859.
Qiu M, Bulfone A, Martinez S, et al. (1995). "Null mutation of Dlx-2 results in abnormal morphogenesis of proximal first and second branchial arch derivatives and abnormal differentiation in the forebrain". Genes Dev. 9 (20): 2523–38. doi:10.1101/gad.9.20.2523. PMID 7590232.
Selski DJ, Thomas NE, Coleman PD, Rogers KE (1993). "The human brain homeogene, DLX-2: cDNA sequence and alignment with the murine homologue". Gene. 132 (2): 301–3. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(93)90212-L. PMID 7901126.
Simeone A, Acampora D, Pannese M, et al. (1994). "Cloning and characterization of two members of the vertebrate Dlx gene family". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (6): 2250–4. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91.2250S. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.6.2250. PMC 43348. PMID 7907794.
McGuinness T, Porteus MH, Smiga S, et al. (1996). "Sequence, organization, and transcription of the Dlx-1 and Dlx-2 locus". Genomics. 35 (3): 473–85. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0387. PMID 8812481.
Zhang H, Hu G, Wang H, et al. (1997). "Heterodimerization of Msx and Dlx homeoproteins results in functional antagonism". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (5): 2920–32. doi:10.1128/mcb.17.5.2920. PMC 232144. PMID 9111364.
Yu G, Zerucha T, Ekker M, Rubenstein JL (2002). "Evidence that GRIP, a PDZ-domain protein which is expressed in the embryonic forebrain, co-activates transcription with DLX homeodomain proteins". Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 130 (2): 217–30. doi:10.1016/S0165-3806(01)00239-5. PMID 11675124.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
Espinoza HM, Ganga M, Vadlamudi U, et al. (2005). "Protein kinase C phosphorylation modulates N- and C-terminal regulatory activities of the PITX2 homeodomain protein". Biochemistry. 44 (10): 3942–54. doi:10.1021/bi048362x. PMID 15751970.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000115844 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000023391 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid1354641-5] Ozcelik T, Porteus MH, Rubenstein JL, Francke U (Sep 1992). "DLX2 (TES1), a homeobox gene of the Distal-less family, assigned to conserved regions on human and mouse chromosomes 2". Genomics. 13 (4): 1157–61. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90031-M. PMID 1354641.

[entrez-6] "Entrez Gene: DLX2 distal-less homeobox 2".

[pmid9111364-7] Zhang, H; Hu G; Wang H; Sciavolino P; Iler N; Shen M M; Abate-Shen C (May 1997). "Heterodimerization of Msx and Dlx homeoproteins results in functional antagonism". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (5). UNITED STATES: 2920–32. doi:10.1128/mcb.17.5.2920. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 232144. PMID 9111364.

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Summary

Interactions edit

References edit

Further reading edit