David McCampbell

Summary

Captain David McCampbell (January 16, 1910 – June 30, 1996) was a United States Navy captain, naval aviator, and a Medal of Honor recipient. He retired from the navy in 1964 with 31 years of service.

David McCampbell
David McCampbell in the cockpit c. 1943
Born(1910-01-16)January 16, 1910
Bessemer, Alabama, US
DiedJune 30, 1996(1996-06-30) (aged 86)
Riviera Beach, Florida, US
Buried
AllegianceUnited States
Service/branchUnited States Navy
Years of service1933–1964
RankCaptain
Commands heldUSS Bon Homme Richard
USS Severn
Carrier Air Group 15
VF-15
Battles/warsWorld War II
AwardsMedal of Honor
Navy Cross
Silver Star
Legion of Merit with "V" device
Distinguished Flying Cross (3)
Air Medal (2)

McCampbell is the United States Navy's all-time leading flying ace (called Ace of the Aces in the Navy) and top F6F Hellcat ace with 34 aerial victories. He was the third-highest American scoring ace of World War II and the highest-scoring American ace to survive the war. He also set a United States single mission aerial combat record of shooting down nine enemy planes in one mission, on October 24, 1944, at the beginning of the Battle of Leyte Gulf, in the Philippines.

Early life edit

 
Plaque at Georgia Tech honoring McCampbell

McCampbell was born in Bessemer, Alabama, and raised in West Palm Beach, Florida. He attended the Staunton Military Academy, in Virginia, and one year at the Georgia School of Technology, in Atlanta, before his appointment to the United States Naval Academy in 1929, where he graduated with the class of 1933 with a degree in marine engineering.

United States Navy edit

McCampbell's naval career actually began with a dismissal. Graduating from the U.S. Naval Academy in depression-era 1933, he was rewarded with an honorable discharge from a Navy without funds. But on June 1, 1934, McCampbell was called back and commissioned as an ensign in the U.S. Naval Reserve. He went on active duty on June 14, 1934, and served aboard the heavy cruiser USS Portland from June 1934 to June 1937 before he started flight training at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida.[1] He received his "wings of gold" as a Naval Aviator on April 21, 1938 and was assigned to Fighter Squadron Four (VF-4) on the aircraft carrier USS Ranger in May 1940.

World War II edit

McCampbell served as a landing signal officer (LSO) from May 1940, surviving the sinking of the carrier USS Wasp (CV-7) by a Japanese submarine near Guadalcanal on September 15, 1942.[2] He returned to the United States, was promoted to Lieutenant Commander, and was stationed at Naval Air Station Melbourne, Florida as LSO Instructor until August 1943.

 
Vice Admiral Marc Mitscher speaks with Air Group Commander McCampbell, the task force's leading pilot.

McCampbell formed Fighter Squadron 15 (VF-15) on September 1, 1943 and led the squadron before being reassigned as Commander of Air Group 15 (CAG-15) in February 1944 to September 1944. As Commander, Carrier Air Group (CAG) 15, he was Commander of the Air Group (fighters, bombers, and torpedo bombers) when the group was embarked on the aircraft carrier USS Essex. From April to November 1944, his group saw six months of combat and participated in two major air-sea battles, the First and Second Battles of the Philippine Sea. During the more than 20,000 hours of air combat operations before it returned to the United States for a rest period, Air Group 15 destroyed more enemy planes (315 airborne and 348 on the ground) and sank more enemy shipping than any other Air Group in the Pacific War. Air Group 15's attacks on the Japanese in the Marianas and at Iwo Jima, Taiwan, and Okinawa were key to the success of the "island hopping" campaign.

 
Grumman F6F-5 Hellcat displayed at the National Naval Aviation Museum, painted as a replica of McCampbell's Minsi III to include Japanese flags representing 34 aerial victories.

In addition to his duties as commander of the "Fabled Fifteen", then Commander McCampbell became the Navy's "ace of aces" during the missions he flew in 1944. McCampbell entered combat on May 14[1] and flew at least four Grumman F6F Hellcats while aboard the Essex: an F6F-3 named Monsoon Maiden (damaged by AA, removed from service on 20 May 1944), an F6F-3 named The Minsi (10+12 kills), an F6F-5 named Minsi II, and an F6F-5 named Minsi III (Bureau Number 70143), in which he scored the last 23+12 of his 34 kills.

On June 19, 1944, during the "Marianas Turkey Shoot," Commander McCampbell shot down five Japanese Yokosuka D4Y 'Judy' dive-bombers, to become an "ace in a day". Later that afternoon, during a second sortie, McCampbell downed two Mitsubishi A6M 'Zekes' over Guam.

On October 24, 1944, in the initial phase of the Battle of Leyte Gulf, in the Philippines, he became the only American airman to achieve "ace in a day" status twice. McCampbell and his wingman attacked a Japanese force of 60 aircraft. McCampbell shot down nine—seven Zeros and two Oscars—setting a U.S. single-mission aerial combat record. During this same action, his wingman downed another six Japanese warplanes. When he landed his Grumman F6F Hellcat aboard USS Langley (the flight deck of Essex wasn't clear), his six machine guns had just two rounds remaining, and his airplane had to be manually released from the arrestor wire due to complete fuel exhaustion.[3] Commander McCampbell received the Medal of Honor for both actions, becoming the only Fast Carrier Task Force aviator to be so honored.

Aerial victories edit

Date Total Aircraft Types Claimed (location)
11 Jun 1944 1 Mitsubishi A6M Zeke destroyed (Saipan, Mariana Islands)
13 Jun 1944 1 Nakajima Ki-49 Helen destroyed (Saipan, Mariana Islands)
19 Jun 1944 5 Yokosuka D4Y Judys destroyed (1st sortie, Marianas Turkey Shoot, Philippine Sea)
19 Jun 1944 2 Mitsubishi A6M Zekes destroyed (2nd sortie, Guam, Mariana Islands)
23 Jun 1944 112 Mitsubishi A6M Zekes destroyed (1 shared credit with Ensign Claude Plant) (Orote Airfield, Guam, Mariana Islands)
12 Sep 1944 4 2 x Mitsubishi A6M Zekes, 1 x Mitsubishi J2M Jack, 1 x Mitsubishi Ki-46 Dinah destroyed (Cebu Airfield, Philippines)
13 Sep 1944 3 1 Yokosuka K5Y Willow, 1 Nakajima Ki-43 Oscar & 1 B5N Kate destroyed (Negros Island, Philippines)
22 Sep 1944 1 Mitsubishi G3M Nell destroyed (Manila Bay, Philippines)
23 Sep 1944 12 Mitsubishi F1M2 Pete destroyed (credit shared with Ensign R. Nall) (Cebu Island, Philippines)
21 Oct 1944 2 1 Mitsubishi Ki-46 Dinah, 1 K5Y Willow destroyed (Tablas Island, Philippines)
24 Oct 1944 9 5 x Mitsubishi A6M Zekes, 2 x Mitsubishi A6M3 Hamps & 2 x Nakajima Ki-43 Oscars destroyed (Leyte Gulf, Philippines)
05 Nov 1944 2 1 Aichi D3A Val & 1 Mitsubishi A6M Zeke destroyed (Nichols Field, Philippines)
11 Nov 1944 1 Nakajima Ki-43 Oscar destroyed (Ormoc Bay, Philippines)
14 Nov 1944 1 Nakajima Ki-43 Oscar destroyed (Manila Bay, Philippines)
34

Post-war edit

Following World War II, McCampbell had several postings. He returned to the United States in March 1945 and served as Chief of Staff to the Commander Fleet Air at NAS Norfolk, Virginia, until January 1947. He then attended Armed Forces Staff College in Norfolk, and remained as an instructor after graduating.

He served as the Senior Naval Aviation Advisor to the Argentine Navy, stationed at Buenos Aires, Argentina, from 1948 to January 1951, and then served as executive officer aboard USS Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Korean War (although the ship did not participate in combat) from February 1951 to March 1952. He was promoted to captain in July 1952;[4] he was assigned as the Planning Officer on the Staff of Commander Aircraft Atlantic from March 1952 to July 1953. He served as the Commanding Officer, Naval Air Technical Training Center Jacksonville at NAS Jacksonville, Florida, from July 1953 to July 1954. He then commanded the fleet oiler USS Severn, followed by the aircraft carrier USS Bon Homme Richard.

McCampbell was then assigned to the Joint Chiefs of Staff at the Pentagon from 1960 to September 1962. His final assignment was as Assistant Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations to the Commander in Chief, Continental Air Defense Command, where he served from September 1962 until his retirement from the navy on July 1, 1964.

Retirement and death edit

McCampbell retired from active duty in 1964. He died in Florida in 1996 and was interred at Arlington National Cemetery.

Military awards edit

 
McCampbell's F6F-5 Hellcat fighter on board the aircraft carrier USS Essex 30 July 1944

McCampbell's decorations and awards include:[5]

 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Naval Aviator Badge
Medal of Honor Navy Cross Silver Star
Legion of Merit
w/ "V" device
Distinguished Flying Cross
w/ two 516" Gold Stars
Air Medal
w/ one 516" Gold Star
Joint Service Commendation Medal Navy Presidential Unit Citation
w/ one 316" bronze star
Navy Distinguished Public Service Award
American Defense Service Medal
w/ bronze "A" Device
American Campaign Medal European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal
w/ one 316" bronze star
Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal
w/ one 316" silver star and two 316" bronze stars
World War II Victory Medal Navy Occupation Service Medal
w/ 'Japan' clasp
National Defense Service Medal
w/ one 316" bronze star
Philippine Liberation Medal
w/ two 316" bronze stars
United States Navy Rifle Marksmanship Medal
w/ Expert device

Medal of Honor citation edit

Rank and Organization: Commander, United States Navy, Air Group 15
Place and Date: First and second battles of the Philippine Sea, 19 June 1944
Entered Service at: Florida
Born: January 16, 1910, Bessemer, Alabama

The President of the United States take pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Commander David McCampbell, United States Navy for service as set forth in the following

Citation:

For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty as commander, Air Group Fifteen, during combat against enemy Japanese aerial forces in the First and Second Battles of the Philippine Sea. An inspiring leader, fighting boldly in the face of terrific odds, Commander McCampbell led his fighter planes against a force of eighty Japanese carrier-based aircraft bearing down on our Fleet on June 19, 1944. Striking fiercely in valiant defense of our surface force, he personally destroyed seven hostile planes during this single engagement in which the outnumbering attack force was utterly routed and virtually annihilated. During a major Fleet engagement with the enemy on October 24, Commander McCampbell, assisted by but one plane, intercepted and daringly attacked a formation of sixty hostile land-based craft approaching our forces. Fighting desperately but with superb skill against such overwhelming airpower, he shot down nine Japanese planes and, completely disorganizing the enemy group, forced the remainder to abandon the attack before a single aircraft could reach the Fleet. His great personal valor and indomitable spirit of aggression under extremely perilous combat conditions reflect the highest credit upon Commander McCampbell and the United States Naval Service.[citation needed]

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Other honors edit

 
U.S.S. McCampbell (DDG 85)
 
Plaque honoring McCampbell at the Georgia Aviation Hall of Fame

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b "David McCampbell – top US Navy ace of WW2". acepilots.com. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
  2. ^ "Wasp". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command. April 8, 2014. Retrieved May 11, 2013.
  3. ^ McCampbell's memorable actions on 24 October 1944 are documented in Edward H. Sims' book Greatest Fighter Missions, as the tenth chapter of that compilation.
  4. ^ "Bio". acesofww2.com.
  5. ^ "Pacific Front – The International Museum of World War II". The International Museum of World War II. Archived from the original on April 5, 2015. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
  6. ^ DiPaola, Jim (October 24, 1988). "Thousands Get Terminal Fever Magicians, Dancers, Musicians Create Festive Pbia Opening". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on October 10, 2018. Retrieved October 10, 2018.
  7. ^ "Enshrinee David McCampbell". nationalaviation.org. National Aviation Hall of Fame. Retrieved February 13, 2023.
  8. ^ "Captain David S. McCampbell". Georgia Aviation Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on June 1, 2017. Retrieved October 9, 2018.

External links edit

  • Dave McCampbell, Top U.S. Navy Ace, at acesofww2.com
  • CAPT David S. McCampbell at the Wayback Machine (archived June 5, 2004)
  • Remembering David McCampbell – Ace of Aces
  • Arlington National Cemetery