Summary
David Melgueiro (? in Porto – 1673 in Porto?) was alleged to have been a Portuguese navigator and explorer. He allegedly sailed across the Northeast Passage in 1660 by travelling from Japan to Portugal through the Arctic Ocean[1][2] at a time when Portuguese vessels were banned from Japan. The story is considered to be a falsehood, with obvious factual errors in the account of the voyage and no historical evidence to support it or even confirm Melgueiro's existence.
Alleged voyage edit
According to the story of a diplomat and French spy in Portugal, the Seigneur de La Madelène (or Madeleine), he found records that a Captain David Melgueiro left the island of Tanegashima, Japan (Kagoshima Prefecture)[3] at the command of the ship le Père éternel on March 14, 1660, sailed north along the east coast of Asia to 84° N. The ship then sailed between Svalbard and Greenland towards Scotland and Ireland, passing west of them to finally arrive at Porto.[4]
La Madelène was allegedly murdered when he was preparing to leave Portugal to reveal Melgueiro's achievement to the French.[5] In 1754 the French geographer Philippe Buache traced in his memoirs the route taken by Melgueiro on a 1649 map drawn by a Portuguese identified only as Teixeira. The map was found in the French Navy archives. How the French Navy acquired this map would be a Portuguese state secret as well.[3]
Appraisal of veracity edit
William Corr dismisses the story by saying that "no Portuguese vessels sailed, or could have sailed, from Japan in 1660; Portuguese commerce with Japan ended drastically in 1639."[6] The Portuguese were expelled and under the Sakoku isolationist policy all trade and contact with the outside world stopped except for very limited trade by the Dutch.
In his account of the expedition of the Vega, Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld mentions Melgueiro's alleged voyage briefly but dismisses it as obvious fiction, noting that the only detail found in the account—namely that the coast of Tartary extends to 84°N—is false.[7] The northernmost point on the Eurasian coast is Cape Chelyuskin at 77°44'N. Including islands, the northernmost point of Eurasia is Cape Fligely at 81°50'N. The northernmost point of land on Earth is a matter of some dispute, but all contenders lie off the coast of Greenland at approximately 83°40'N.
Eduardo Brasão described the supposed voyage as a historical fantasy and noted that there is no historical evidence of the ship in question departing from Kagoshima on the alleged date nor of any Portuguese person bearing the name "David Melgueiro".[8]
Legacy edit
A nautical Portuguese scientific project took Melgueiro's name: Associação David Melgueiro.[2][9]
See also edit
- Vega Expedition by Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld, the first Arctic expedition to navigate through the Northeast Passage
References edit
- ^ Brasão, Eduardo (1965). Os Corte Reais e o Novo Mundo (in Brazilian Portuguese). Agência-Geral do Ultramar. pp. 68–69.
- ^ a b David Melgueiro: Na rota da lendária viagem do navegador português pelo Árctico (David Melgueiro: on the route of the legendary Portuguese navigator across the Arctic) – article by Teresa Firmino at the Portuguese daily newspaper Público, April 9, 2014. Includes a map of the possible Melgueiro travels, repeated by the "Associação David Melgueiro" in 2016-2017 with the scientific expedition "Marborealis".
- ^ a b Article published by Gazeta dos Caminhos de Ferro (Portuguese Railways Company Magazine), number 1276, p. 125, February 1941, Lisbon
- ^ Nordenskiöld, Adolf Erik (1882). The voyage of the Vega round Asia and Europe; with a historical review of previous journeys along the north coast of the Old World. Translated by Leslie, Alexander. New York, Macmillan and Co. pp. 561–562.
[A] naval officer named DE LA MADELÈNE gave in 1701 the following short account, probably picked up in Holland or Portugal, to Count DE PONTCHARTRIN: "The Portuguese, DAVID MELGUER, started from Japan on the 14th March, 1660 with the vessel le Père éternel, and following the coast of Tartary, i.e. the east coast of Asia, he first sailed north to 84° N.L. Thence he shaped his course between Spitzbergen and Greenland, and passing west of Scotland and Ireland came again to Oporto in Portugal."
- ^ David Melgueiro, o navegador mistério (Melgueiro, mysterious navigator) – Article at the Portuguese daily newspaper Diário de Notícias, September 14, 2014
- ^ Corr, William (2016). Adams the Pilot. Routledge. p. 15. ISBN 978-1138965898. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
- ^ Nordenskiöld, Adolf Erik (1885). The Voyage of the Vega Round Asia and Europe. Translated by Alexander Leslie. London: Macmillan and Co. pp. 561–562. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
That Melguer's voyage is fictitious, is shown partly by the ease with which he is said to have gone from the one sea to the other, partly by the fact that the only detail which is to be found in his narrative, viz. the statement that the coast of Tartary extends to 84° N.L., is incorrect.
- ^ Brasão, Eduardo (1965). The Corte-Real Family and the New World. Translated by unknown. Agência-Geral do Ultramar. pp. 68–69.
- ^ Associação procura apoios para construir veleiro científico Archived 2014-05-14 at the Wayback Machine (Society aiming at financial support to build a scientific sailing boat) – article by Paula Mourato, Lusa News Agency / Diário de Notícias, April 8. 2014