In Mandaeism, various beings inhabit the World of Darkness.
According to the Right Ginza, the World of Darkness consists of many demons, dewis, and evil spirits, including:[1]
The Right Ginza describes them as:
Other than Ur, Ruha and her entourage of the 7 planets and 12 constellations, some infernal beings mentioned in the Ginza Rabba are:[2][3]
Other demons mentioned in the Ginza Rabba are:[3]
Demons mentioned in the Diwan Abatur who often accompany Ur and Shdum include:[4]
In Book 5, Chapter 1 of the Right Ginza (also known as the "Book of the Underworld"), Hibil Ziwa descends the worlds of the "kings" and "giants of darkness" in the following order:[3]
In Book 15, Chapter 11 of the Right Ginza, the pillars of Jerusalem are named as:
Some of these names are also associated with beings in the World of Darkness, such as Karkum and Adunai (another name for Šamiš or the Sun).[3]
Mandaeans also consider the "Five Lords of the World of Darkness" to be:[5]
The paired demons are considered to rule together as single lords, since Mag and Gapan are female consorts who are always with their male consorts Hag and Gap, respectively.[5]
Krun, Hag, and Ur are depicted on the skandola, a ritual talismanic seal used by Mandaeans to protect against evil.[5]