Summary
Donald MacLennan Grant (26 February 1888 – 11 June 1970) was a leader of the Industrial Workers of the World in Sydney, a member of the Sydney Twelve charged with conspiracy in 1916, and later a member of the Australian Labor Party who was elected to Sydney City Council, appointed to the New South Wales Legislative Council, and elected to the Australian Senate in 1943 where he served for sixteen years.
Donald Grant | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Senator for New South Wales | |
| In office 1 July 1944 – 30 June 1959 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 26 February 1888 Inverness, Scotland |
| Died | 11 June 1970 (aged 82) Sydney |
| Nationality | Scottish Australian |
| Political party | Australian Labor Party |
| Occupation | Unionist |
Biography edit
Born in Inverness, Scotland in 1888, Grant emigrated to Australia prior to the First World War. He joined the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and became known as one of their best public speakers, regularly drawing large crowds at The Domain, Sydney speaking against conscription, and for militant direct action against the war and capitalism.[1] Tom Barker, the editor of the IWW newspaper Direct Action, was arrested, convicted and sentenced to six months prison for publishing the famous anti-war poster, which said:
To ARMS! Capitalists, Parsons, Politicians, Landlords, Newspaper Editors, and other Stay-at-home Patriots. Your Country needs you in the trenches! Workers, Follow your masters![2]
Grant is reported to have told the crowd at the Sydney Domain that for every day that Barker is in gaol, it will cost the capitalists 10,000 pounds. These fifteen words formed the large part of the case against him in 1916 when he was arrested and charged as part of the Sydney Twelve with arson, conspiracy to prevent justice and incitement to sedition. He received a sentence of fifteen years, which inspired Henry Boote, editor of The Worker to write The case of Grant, Fifteen years for Fifteen Words. Agitation for a review of the case and the release of all twelve prisoners started immediately and included a Royal Commission which found that Grant had been wrongly convicted. He was subsequently released in August 1920.[1]
Disillusioned with the IWW hostility to parliamentary politics, Grant was the Industrial Socialist Labor Party candidate for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Sturt in the 1922 state election. He gained less than 8% of the primary vote.[3] Grant joined the Australian Labor Party in 1923. He soon won Labor preselection and was elected to the Sydney City Council for thirteen years. He was appointed by the Annual Conference of the NSW Labor Party to the Socialisation Committee from 1930 to 1933. In 1931 he was appointed to the New South Wales Legislative Council, where he represented the ALP for eight years.[4]
Turning to Federal politics, Grant was elected in 1943 as a Labor party Senator for New South Wales, and was an influential member of the Labor Party parliamentary caucus.[5]
At the height of the 1949 Australian coal strike Grant told the miners:
I come to Cessnock for one reason. In 1917...everyone was behind the workers [in the general strike], but they got beaten. Why? Because the State was against them. I have come here to tell you you won't beat the State.[6]
He had particular interest in international affairs. This resulted in his selection as an Australian representative to the 1946 Paris Peace Conference, a delegate to the International Labor conference in Montreal, and the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association conference in Nairobi, Kenya in 1954.[1] At the age of 71 in 1959 he failed to gain endorsement from the Labor party and retired from politics to his Sydney home where he died on 11 June 1970.[5]
References edit
- ^ a b c Farrell, Frank (1983). "Grant, Donald McLennan (Don) (1888–1970)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. 9. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISSN 1833-7538. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
- ^ "I.W.W. poster". Barrier Miner. 25 September 1915. p. 3. Retrieved 31 December 2022 – via Trove.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1922 Sturt". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ "The Hon. Donald McLennan Grant (1890–1970)". Former members of the Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
- ^ a b Clune, David (2004). "GRANT, Donald MacLennan (1888–1970)". The Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
- ^ Deery, Phillip (May 1995). "Chifley, the Army and the 1949 Coal Strike". Labour History (68): 80, 87–88, 91–93. doi:10.2307/27516355. JSTOR 27516355 – via JSTOR.
- Donald Grant – a Tribute by W McNamara in Labour History No 19, November 1970
- Sydney's Burning (An Australian Political Conspiracy), Ian Turner (1969)