Summary
Dowlais (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈdɔu̯lai̯s]) is a village and community of the county borough of Merthyr Tydfil, in Wales. At the 2011 census the electoral ward had a population of 6,926,[1] The population of the Community being 4,270 at the 2011 census having excluded Pant.[2] Dowlais is notable within Wales and Britain for its historic association with ironworking; once employing, through the Dowlais Iron Company, over 7,000 people, the works being the largest in the world at one stage.[3][4]
Dowlais
| |
|---|---|
 The Guest Memorial Library | |
  Dowlais Location within Merthyr Tydfil | |
| Population | 6,926 (2011 census) |
| OS grid reference | SO075075 |
| Principal area |
|
| Preserved county | |
| Country | Wales |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Merthyr Tydfil |
| Postcode district | CF48 |
| Dialling code | 01685 38 |
| Police | South Wales |
| Fire | South Wales |
| Ambulance | Welsh |
| UK Parliament | |
| Senedd Cymru – Welsh Parliament | |
Name edit
The name is derived from the Welsh du meaning 'black' and glais meaning 'stream'.[5][6]
History edit
Dowlais came to prominence in the 18th and 19th centuries because of its iron and steelworks. By the mid-1840s there were between 5000 and 7000 men, women and children employed in the Dowlais works.[7] During the early to mid 1800s the ironworks were operated by Sir John Josiah Guest and (from 1833) his wife Lady Charlotte Guest. Charlotte Guest introduced welfare schemes for the ironworkers. She provided for a church and a library. The school (dating from 1819) was improved and extended, becoming "probably the most important and most progressive not only in the industrial history of South Wales, but of the whole of Britain".[8] In the 1850s, after Sir John's death, the works became under the control of a board of trustees.[8] In 1865 the Bessemer steel making process was introduced to Dowlais, with £33,000 being spent on a new steelworks.[9] Steel production at Dowlais eventually ceased in 1936 due to the Great Depression, although the iron foundry continued until 1987.
Dowlais was originally part of the parish of Merthyr Tydfil. In 1872 the population was 15,590.[10] Its total population at the 2011 census was 6,926.[11]
Governance edit
Dowlais was an electoral ward to Mid Glamorgan County Council from 1973 to 1996.[12]
Since 1996 Dowlais has been a ward to Merthyr Tydfil County Borough Council. In 2003 Dowlais was represented by an independent councillor, John Pritchard, who was also Mayor of Merthyr Tydfil.[13]
Notable buildings edit
Little remains of the works that once sustained the community throughout the Victorian era until the 1930s, the two notable buildings that remain are the Engine House, now used a community centre and the stable block which is now social housing.
Dowlais House, which has now been demolished, was once home to Sir John Josiah Guest and Lady Charlotte Guest, and it was at Dowlais House that Lady Guest translated the Mabinogion. The Guest Memorial Library (1863); commissioned by Lady Guest and designed by Charles Barry, still stands.
St John's Church, a Grade II listed building, contains the tombs and burial places of several notable people, including Sir John Guest who had the church built in 1827. St John's closed in 1997 but has received several hundred thousand pounds of Welsh Government money to preserve it.[14]
In its heyday, Dowlais had numerous nonconformist chapels. Almost all have disappeared although the buildings of Bethania (Independent) and Hebron (Calvinistic Methodist) are now used by evangelical congregations. Others have been demolished including Bryn Seion and Gwernllwyn.
Sport and leisure edit
Dowlais is home to rugby union club, Dowlais RFC.
Notable residents edit
- Laura Ashley, fashion designer
- Dai Astley, association footballer
- Richard Davies, actor
- Thomas Nathaniel Davies, artist
- David William Evans, lawyer and international rugby union player
- Horace Evans, 1st Baron Evans, royal physician
- Lady Charlotte Guest, first translator of the Mabinogion into English
- Ivor Guest, 1st Baron Wimborne, industrialist
- John Josiah Guest, engineer
- Richard Harrington, actor
- Robert Alwyn Hughes, artist
- Heinz Koppel, artist
- Gustavius Payne, artist
- Robert Rees, tenor
- Glanmor Williams, historian
- Gwyn Alf Williams, historian
Sources edit
- Birch, Alan (1967), Economic History of the British Iron and Steel Industry, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-38248-3
- Newman, John (1995), Glamorgan, The Buildings of Wales, London: Penguin Books, ISBN 0-14-071056-6
References edit
- ^ "Dowlais Ward: 2011 Census: Census Area Statistics". National Statistics: UK government. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
- ^ "Community population 2011". Retrieved 9 November 2015.
- ^ "Dowlais Ironworks, Merthyr Tydfil (34084)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
- ^ Newman 1995, p. 446.
- ^ "Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru".
- ^ "Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru".
- ^ Birch Economic History of the British Iron and Steel Industry p. 255
- ^ a b Birch Economic History of the British Iron and Steel Industry pp. 291-5
- ^ Birch Economic History of the British Iron and Steel Industry p. 358
- ^ "Dowlais Glamorgan". Vision of Britain. University of Portsmouth. Retrieved 17 January 2016. (info reproduced from the 1872 Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales)
- ^ "Ward population 2011". Retrieved 9 November 2015.
- ^ "Mid Glamorgan County Council Election Results 1973-1993" (PDF). The Elections Centre (Plymouth University). Retrieved 15 April 2019.
- ^ "Civic cheerleader on the taxes". Wales Online. 1 July 2003. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
- ^ Katie Sands (29 October 2015). "Church that hasn't been used for 20 years to get £100k cash boost to help convert it into 20 flats". Wales Online. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
External links edit
- Old Merthyr Tydfil: Dowlais - Historical Photographs of Dowlais, Merthyr Tydfil.
- Photos of Dowlais and surrounding area on geograph.org.uk