Dutch TT

Summary

The Dutch Tourist Trophy, also known as the TT Assen, and also sometimes known as the Dutch Motorcycle Grand Prix, is an annual Dutch motorsport event established in 1925 for road racing motorcycles held on the TT Circuit Assen, also known as the ‘Cathedral of Speed'. The event attained world championship status in 1949 when it was sanctioned by the FIM as part of the inaugural Grand Prix motorcycle racing world championship season, making it the oldest event on the MotoGP calendar.[1] The venue holds the record for being the only circuit to have hosted a motorcycle Grand Prix event every year since the series was created in 1949,[1] with the exception of 2020 when the race was cancelled due to the outbreak of COVID-19.[2] The races were traditionally held on the last Saturday of June however, from 2016 onwards it has been held on Sunday of the last weekend of June, bringing it in line with all other MotoGP races.[3] The event is due to take place at the TT Circuit Assen until at least 2026.[4]

Dutch TT
Grand Prix motorcycle racing
VenueTT Circuit Assen (1949–2019, 2021–present)
First race1949
Most wins (rider)Ángel Nieto (15)
Most wins (manufacturer)Honda (65)

Race history edit

After the Dutch government relaxed laws allowing the motorsport racing on public roads, the Assen & Omstreken motorcycle club organized and held the first Dutch TT on July 11, 1925. Since then the event has taken place every year with the exception of the years 1940 to 1945 because of the Second World War.[5] The 1925 races were held on a 28.4 km (17.6 mi) street circuit in the shape of a triangle between the towns of Borger, Schoonloo and Grolloo. From 1926 to 1955, the races were held on a 16.536 km (10.275 mi) rectangular shaped street circuit through the towns of De Haar, Hooghalen, Laaghalen and Laaghalerveen. In 1955, a new 7.705 km (4.788 mi) circuit was created which still used public roads but, more closely resembled a modern race track. In 1992, the race track became a permanent enclosed circuit.

Official names and sponsors edit

  • 1949–1957, 1959–1971: Grote Prijs van Nederland der K.N.M.V. (no official sponsor)[6]
  • 1972, 1981–1985, 1992: Dutch TT Assen (no official sponsor)[7]
  • 1973–1977: Dutch TT Assen/Grote Prijs van Nederland der KNMV (no official sponsor)[8]
  • 1978–1980, 1986–1991: Dutch TT (no official sponsor)[9]
  • 1993–1997: Lucky Strike Dutch Grand Prix[10]
  • 1998–2000: Rizla+ Dutch TT[11]
  • 2001–2003: Gauloises Dutch TT[12]
  • 2004–2005: Gauloises TT Assen[13]
  • 2006–2008: A-Style TT Assen[14]
  • 2009: Alice TT Assen[15]
  • 2010: TIM TT Assen
  • 2011–2013: Iveco TT Assen[16]
  • 2014: Iveco Daily TT Assen[17]
  • 2015–2019, 2021–present: Motul TT Assen[18]

Spectator attendance edit

2007: 91,429
2013: 90,000
2016–2019: 105,000

Winners of the motorcycle Dutch TT edit

Multiple winners (riders) edit

# Wins Country Wins
Category Years won
15   Ángel Nieto 125cc 1971, 1972, 1977, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984
50cc 1970, 1971, 1972, 1975, 1976, 1977
14   Giacomo Agostini 500cc 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1974
350cc 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1976
10   Valentino Rossi MotoGP 2002, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2013, 2015, 2017
250cc 1998
125cc 1997
9   Jim Redman 500cc 1966
350cc 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965
250cc 1962, 1963, 1964
125cc 1964
  Mike Hailwood 500cc 1962, 1964, 1965, 1967
350cc 1966, 1967
250cc 1961, 1966, 1967
7   Carlo Ubbiali 250cc 1956, 1960
125cc 1955, 1956, 1958, 1959, 1960
6   John Surtees 500cc 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959
350cc 1958, 1960
5   Geoff Duke 500cc 1951, 1953, 1954, 1955
350cc 1952
  Phil Read 500cc 1973
250cc 1965, 1971
125cc 1967, 1968
  Eugenio Lazzarini 125cc 1973, 1978
50cc 1978, 1979, 1983
  Jorge Martínez 125cc 1988
80cc 1984, 1986, 1987, 1988
  Mick Doohan 500cc 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998
  Marc Márquez MotoGP 2014, 2018
Moto2 2011, 2012
125cc 2010
4   Tarquinio Provini 250cc 1957, 1958, 1959
125cc 1957
  Carlos Lavado 250cc 1980, 1983, 1984, 1986
  Anton Mang 350cc 1981
250cc 1981, 1982, 1987
  Jorge Lorenzo MotoGP 2010
250cc 2006, 2007
125cc 2004
  Francesco Bagnaia MotoGP 2022, 2023
Moto2 2018
Moto3 2016
3   Werner Haas 250cc 1953, 1954
125cc 1953
  Luigi Taveri 250cc 1955
125cc 1962
50cc 1966
  Dieter Braun 350cc 1975
250cc 1972
125cc 1970
  Walter Villa 250cc 1974, 1975, 1976
  Pier Paolo Bianchi 125cc 1975, 1976, 1985
  Kevin Schwantz 500cc 1990, 1991, 1993
  Max Biaggi 500cc 2001
250cc 1994, 1995
  Maverick Viñales MotoGP 2019
Moto3 2012
125cc 2011
2   Nello Pagani 500cc 1949
125cc 1949
  Umberto Masetti 500cc 1950, 1952
  Enrico Lorenzetti 350cc 1953
250cc 1952
  Gary Hocking 500cc 1961
350cc 1961
  Ernst Degner 50cc 1962, 1963
  Ralph Bryans 50cc 1964, 1965
  Bill Ivy 250cc 1968
125cc 1966
  Rodney Gould 250cc 1970, 1972
  Bruno Kneubühler 125cc 1974
50cc 1973
  Barry Sheene 500cc 1975, 1976
  Kork Ballington 350cc 1977, 1978
  Ricardo Tormo 50cc 1980, 1981
  Kenny Roberts 500cc 1983
250cc 1978
  Randy Mamola 500cc 1984, 1985
  Wayne Gardner 500cc 1986, 1988
  Pierfrancesco Chili 250cc 1991, 1992
  Dirk Raudies 125cc 1993, 1995
  Ralf Waldmann 250cc 1996
125cc 1991
  Loris Capirossi 250cc 1993, 1999
  Marco Melandri 250cc 2002
125cc 1998
  Sebastián Porto 250cc 2004, 2005
  Gábor Talmácsi 125cc 2005, 2008
  Casey Stoner MotoGP 2008, 2012
  Anthony West Moto2 2014
250cc 2003
  Augusto Fernández Moto2 2019, 2022
  Matteo Ferrari MotoE 2023 Race 1, 2023 Race 2

Multiple winners (manufacturers) edit

# Wins Manufacturer Wins
Category Years won
67   Honda MotoGP 2002, 2003, 2006, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018
500cc 1966, 1967, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000
350cc 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967
250cc 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1967, 1985, 1987, 1989, 1993, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2009
Moto3 2012, 2014, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2021, 2023
125cc 1961, 1962, 1964, 1967, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002
50cc 1964, 1965, 1966
40   Yamaha MotoGP 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2021
500cc 1974, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1987, 1989, 2001
350cc 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1980
250cc 1965, 1968, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1984, 1986, 1988, 1990
125cc 1965, 1966, 1968, 1974
35   MV Agusta 500cc 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973
350cc 1958, 1960, 1961, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973
250cc 1955, 1956, 1958, 1959, 1960
125cc 1952, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1959, 1960
20   Aprilia 250cc 1991, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
125cc 1997, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011
14   Derbi 125cc 1971, 1972, 1988, 2000, 2004, 2010
80cc 1984, 1986, 1987, 1988
50cc 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972
  Suzuki 500cc 1975, 1976, 1977, 1979, 1981, 1982, 1990, 1991, 1993
125cc 1963, 1970
50cc 1962, 1963, 1967
9   Kalex Moto2 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2021, 2022, 2023
8   Kawasaki 350cc 1978, 1979, 1981, 1982
250cc 1977, 1981, 1982
125cc 1969
7   Gilera 500cc 1949, 1950, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1963
6   Moto Guzzi 350cc 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957
250cc 1952
  Kreidler 50cc 1973, 1974, 1975, 1979, 1980, 1982
  Morbidelli 250cc 1979
125cc 1975, 1976, 1978, 1985
50cc 1978
  Garelli 125cc 1982, 1983, 1984, 1986, 1987
50cc 1983
5   Mondial 250cc 1957
125cc 1949, 1950, 1951, 1957
  Ducati MotoGP 2008, 2022, 2023
MotoE 2023 Race 1, 2023 Race 2
4   NSU 250cc 1953, 1954
125cc 1953, 1954
  Bultaco 50cc 1976, 1977, 1981
125cc 1977
  KTM Moto3 2013, 2015
125cc 2005, 2006
3   Norton 500cc 1951
350cc 1952, 1959
  Harley-Davidson 250cc 1974, 1975, 1976
  Minarelli 125cc 1979, 1980, 1981
2   Velocette 350cc 1949, 1950
  Suter Moto2 2011, 2012
  Speed Up Moto2 2010, 2014

Winners by season edit

A pink background indicates an event that was not part of the Grand Prix motorcycle racing championship.

Year MotoE Moto3 Moto2 MotoGP Report
Race 1 Race 2
Rider Manufacturer Rider Manufacturer Rider Manufacturer Rider Manufacturer Rider Manufacturer
2023   Matteo Ferrari Ducati   Matteo Ferrari Ducati   Jaume Masià Honda   Jake Dixon Kalex   Francesco Bagnaia Ducati Report
2022   Dominique Aegerter Energica   Eric Granado Energica   Ayumu Sasaki Husqvarna   Augusto Fernández Kalex   Francesco Bagnaia Ducati Report
2021   Eric Granado Energica   Dennis Foggia Honda   Raúl Fernández Kalex   Fabio Quartararo Yamaha Report
2020 Cancelled due to COVID-19 concerns Cancelled due to COVID-19 concerns
Year Moto3 Moto2 MotoGP Report
Rider Manufacturer Rider Manufacturer Rider Manufacturer
2019   Tony Arbolino Honda   Augusto Fernández Kalex   Maverick Viñales Yamaha Report
2018   Jorge Martín Honda   Francesco Bagnaia Kalex   Marc Márquez Honda Report
2017   Arón Canet Honda   Franco Morbidelli Kalex   Valentino Rossi Yamaha Report
2016   Francesco Bagnaia Mahindra   Takaaki Nakagami Kalex   Jack Miller Honda Report
2015   Miguel Oliveira KTM   Johann Zarco Kalex   Valentino Rossi Yamaha Report
2014   Álex Márquez Honda   Anthony West Speed Up   Marc Márquez Honda Report
2013   Luis Salom KTM   Pol Espargaró Kalex   Valentino Rossi Yamaha Report
2012   Maverick Viñales Honda   Marc Márquez Suter   Casey Stoner Honda Report
Year 125cc Moto2 MotoGP Report
Rider Manufacturer Rider Manufacturer Rider Manufacturer
2011   Maverick Viñales Aprilia   Marc Márquez Suter   Ben Spies Yamaha Report
2010   Marc Márquez Derbi   Andrea Iannone Speed Up   Jorge Lorenzo Yamaha Report
Year 125cc 250cc MotoGP Report
Rider Manufacturer Rider Manufacturer Rider Manufacturer
2009   Sergio Gadea Aprilia   Hiroshi Aoyama Honda   Valentino Rossi Yamaha Report
2008   Gábor Talmácsi Aprilia   Álvaro Bautista Aprilia   Casey Stoner Ducati Report
2007   Mattia Pasini Aprilia   Jorge Lorenzo Aprilia   Valentino Rossi Yamaha Report
2006   Mika Kallio KTM   Jorge Lorenzo Aprilia   Nicky Hayden Honda Report
2005   Gábor Talmácsi KTM   Sebastián Porto Aprilia   Valentino Rossi Yamaha Report
2004   Jorge Lorenzo Derbi   Sebastián Porto Aprilia   Valentino Rossi Yamaha Report
2003   Steve Jenkner Aprilia   Anthony West Aprilia   Sete Gibernau Honda Report
2002   Daniel Pedrosa Honda   Marco Melandri Aprilia   Valentino Rossi Honda Report
Year 125cc 250cc 500cc Report
Rider Manufacturer Rider Manufacturer Rider Manufacturer
2001   Toni Elías Honda   Jeremy McWilliams Aprilia   Max Biaggi Yamaha Report
2000   Youichi Ui Derbi   Tohru Ukawa Honda   Alex Barros Honda Report
1999   Masao Azuma Honda   Loris Capirossi Honda   Tadayuki Okada Honda Report
1998   Marco Melandri Honda   Valentino Rossi Aprilia   Mick Doohan Honda Report
1997   Valentino Rossi Aprilia   Tetsuya Harada Aprilia   Mick Doohan Honda Report
1996   Emilio Alzamora Honda   Ralf Waldmann Honda   Mick Doohan Honda Report
1995   Dirk Raudies Honda   Max Biaggi Aprilia   Mick Doohan Honda Report
1994   Takeshi Tsujimura Honda   Max Biaggi Aprilia   Mick Doohan Honda Report
1993   Dirk Raudies Honda   Loris Capirossi Honda   Kevin Schwantz Suzuki Report
1992   Ezio Gianola Honda   Pierfrancesco Chili Aprilia   Àlex Crivillé Honda Report
1991   Ralf Waldmann Honda   Pierfrancesco Chili Aprilia   Kevin Schwantz Suzuki Report
1990   Doriano Romboni Honda   John Kocinski Yamaha   Kevin Schwantz Suzuki Report
Year 80cc 125cc 250cc 500cc Report
Rider Manufacturer Rider Manufacturer Rider Manufacturer Rider Manufacturer
1989   Peter Öttl Krauser   Hans Spaan Honda   Reinhold Roth Honda   Wayne Rainey Yamaha Report
1988   Jorge Martínez Derbi   Jorge Martínez Derbi   Juan Garriga Yamaha   Wayne Gardner Honda Report
1987   Jorge Martínez Derbi   Fausto Gresini Garelli   Anton Mang Honda   Eddie Lawson Yamaha Report
1986   Jorge Martínez Derbi   Luca Cadalora Garelli   Carlos Lavado Yamaha   Wayne Gardner Honda Report
1985   Gerd Kafka Casal   Pier Paolo Bianchi MBA   Freddie Spencer Honda   Randy Mamola Honda Report
1984   Jorge Martínez Derbi   Ángel Nieto Garelli   Carlos Lavado Yamaha   Randy Mamola Honda Report
Year 50cc 125cc 250cc 500cc Report
Rider Manufacturer Rider Manufacturer Rider Manufacturer Rider Manufacturer
1983   Eugenio Lazzarini Garelli   Ángel Nieto Garelli   Carlos Lavado Yamaha   Kenny Roberts Yamaha Report
Year 50cc 125cc 250cc 350cc 500cc Report
Rider Manufacturer Rider Manufacturer Rider Manufacturer Rider Manufacturer Rider Manufacturer
1982   Stefan Dörflinger Kreidler   Ángel Nieto Garelli   Anton Mang Kawasaki   Jean-François Baldé Kawasaki   Franco Uncini Suzuki Report
1981   Ricardo Tormo Bultaco   Ángel Nieto Minarelli   Anton Mang Kawasaki   Anton Mang Kawasaki   Marco Lucchinelli Suzuki Report
1980   Ricardo Tormo Kreidler   Ángel Nieto Minarelli   Carlos Lavado Yamaha   Jon Ekerold Yamaha   Jack Middelburg Yamaha Report
1979   Eugenio Lazzarini Kreidler   Ángel Nieto Minarelli   Graziano Rossi Morbidelli   Gregg Hansford Kawasaki   Virginio Ferrari Suzuki Report
1978   Eugenio Lazzarini MBA   Eugenio Lazzarini MBA   Kenny Roberts Yamaha   Kork Ballington Kawasaki   Johnny Cecotto Yamaha Report
1977   Ángel Nieto Bultaco   Ángel Nieto Bultaco   Mick Grant Kawasaki   Kork Ballington Yamaha   Wil Hartog Suzuki Report
1976   Ángel Nieto Bultaco   Pier Paolo Bianchi Morbidelli   Walter Villa Harley Davidson   Giacomo Agostini Yamaha   Barry Sheene Suzuki Report
1975   Ángel Nieto Kreidler   Pier Paolo Bianchi Morbidelli   Walter Villa Harley Davidson   Dieter Braun Yamaha   Barry Sheene Suzuki Report
1974   Herbert Rittberger Kreidler   Bruno Kneubühler Yamaha   Walter Villa Harley Davidson   Giacomo Agostini Yamaha   Giacomo Agostini Yamaha Report
1973   Bruno Kneubühler Kreidler   Eugenio Lazzarini Maico   Dieter Braun Yamaha   Giacomo Agostini MV Agusta   Phil Read MV Agusta Report
1972   Ángel Nieto Derbi   Ángel Nieto Derbi   Rodney Gould Yamaha   Giacomo Agostini MV Agusta   Giacomo Agostini MV Agusta Report
1971   Ángel Nieto Derbi   Ángel Nieto Derbi   Phil Read Yamaha   Giacomo Agostini MV Agusta   Giacomo Agostini MV Agusta Report
1970   Ángel Nieto Derbi   Dieter Braun Suzuki   Rodney Gould Yamaha   Giacomo Agostini MV Agusta   Giacomo Agostini MV Agusta Report
1969   Barry Smith Derbi   Dave Simmonds Kawasaki   Renzo Pasolini Benelli   Giacomo Agostini MV Agusta   Giacomo Agostini MV Agusta Report
1968   Paul Lodewijkx Jamathi [nl]   Phil Read Yamaha   Bill Ivy Yamaha   Giacomo Agostini MV Agusta   Giacomo Agostini MV Agusta Report
1967   Yoshimi Katayama Suzuki   Phil Read Honda   Mike Hailwood Honda   Mike Hailwood Honda   Mike Hailwood Honda Report
1966   Luigi Taveri Honda   Bill Ivy Yamaha   Mike Hailwood Honda   Mike Hailwood Honda   Jim Redman Honda Report
1965   Ralph Bryans Honda   Mike Duff Yamaha   Phil Read Yamaha   Jim Redman Honda   Mike Hailwood MV Agusta Report
1964   Ralph Bryans Honda   Jim Redman Honda   Jim Redman Honda   Jim Redman Honda   Mike Hailwood MV Agusta Report
1963   Ernst Degner Suzuki   Hugh Anderson Suzuki   Jim Redman Honda   Jim Redman Honda   John Hartle Gilera Report
1962   Ernst Degner Suzuki   Luigi Taveri Honda   Jim Redman Honda   Jim Redman Honda   Mike Hailwood MV Agusta Report
Year 125cc 250cc 350cc 500cc Report
Rider Manufacturer Rider Manufacturer Rider Manufacturer Rider Manufacturer
1961   Tom Phillis Honda   Mike Hailwood Honda   Gary Hocking MV Agusta   Gary Hocking MV Agusta Report
1960   Carlo Ubbiali MV Agusta   Carlo Ubbiali MV Agusta   John Surtees MV Agusta   Remo Venturi MV Agusta Report
1959   Carlo Ubbiali MV Agusta   Tarquinio Provini MV Agusta   Bob Brown Norton   John Surtees MV Agusta Report
1958   Carlo Ubbiali MV Agusta   Tarquinio Provini MV Agusta   John Surtees MV Agusta   John Surtees MV Agusta Report
1957   Tarquinio Provini Mondial   Tarquinio Provini Mondial   Keith Campbell Moto Guzzi   John Surtees MV Agusta Report
1956   Carlo Ubbiali MV Agusta   Carlo Ubbiali MV Agusta   Bill Lomas Moto Guzzi   John Surtees MV Agusta Report
1955   Carlo Ubbiali MV Agusta   Luigi Taveri MV Agusta   Ken Kavanagh Moto Guzzi   Geoff Duke Gilera Report
1954   Rupert Hollaus NSU   Werner Haas NSU   Fergus Anderson Moto Guzzi   Geoff Duke Gilera Report
1953   Werner Haas NSU   Werner Haas NSU   Enrico Lorenzetti Moto Guzzi   Geoff Duke Gilera Report
1952   Cecil Sandford MV Agusta   Enrico Lorenzetti Moto Guzzi   Geoff Duke Norton   Umberto Masetti Gilera Report
1951   Gianni Leoni Mondial   Bill Doran AJS   Geoff Duke Norton Report
1950   Bruno Ruffo Mondial   Bob Foster Velocette   Umberto Masetti Gilera Report
1949   Nello Pagani Mondial   Freddie Frith Velocette   Nello Pagani Gilera Report

References edit

  1. ^ a b "Michelin ready to worship at the 'Cathedral of Speed'". motogp.com. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  2. ^ "German, Dutch and Finnish Grands Prix cancelled". MotoGP.com. Dorna Sports. 29 April 2020. Retrieved 2020-04-29.
  3. ^ "From 2016 the Dutch GP will be on Sunday". motogp.com. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  4. ^ "Ten more years in Assen". MotoGP.com. Dorna Sports. 25 June 2016. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
  5. ^ "Assen". trackpedia.winhpde.com. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  6. ^ "1949 500cc Class (FIM Grand Prix World Championship) Programmes | The Motor Racing Programme Covers Project". www.progcovers.com.
  7. ^ "1972 500cc Class (FIM Grand Prix World Championship) Programmes | The Motor Racing Programme Covers Project". www.progcovers.com.
  8. ^ "1973 500cc Class (FIM Grand Prix World Championship) Programmes | The Motor Racing Programme Covers Project". www.progcovers.com.
  9. ^ "1978 500cc Class (FIM Grand Prix World Championship) Programmes | The Motor Racing Programme Covers Project". www.progcovers.com.
  10. ^ "1993 500cc Class (FIM Grand Prix World Championship) Programmes | The Motor Racing Programme Covers Project". www.progcovers.com.
  11. ^ "1998 500cc Class (FIM Grand Prix World Championship) Programmes | The Motor Racing Programme Covers Project". www.progcovers.com.
  12. ^ "2001 500cc Class (FIM Grand Prix World Championship) Programmes | The Motor Racing Programme Covers Project". www.progcovers.com.
  13. ^ "2004 MotoGP Class (FIM Grand Prix World Championship) Programmes | The Motor Racing Programme Covers Project". www.progcovers.com.
  14. ^ "2006 MotoGP Class (FIM Grand Prix World Championship) Programmes | The Motor Racing Programme Covers Project". www.progcovers.com.
  15. ^ "2009 MotoGP Class (FIM Grand Prix World Championship) Programmes | The Motor Racing Programme Covers Project". www.progcovers.com.
  16. ^ "2012 MotoGP Class (FIM Grand Prix World Championship) Programmes | The Motor Racing Programme Covers Project". www.progcovers.com.
  17. ^ "2014 MotoGP Class (FIM Grand Prix World Championship) Programmes | The Motor Racing Programme Covers Project". www.progcovers.com.
  18. ^ "2015 MotoGP Class (FIM Grand Prix World Championship) Programmes | The Motor Racing Programme Covers Project". www.progcovers.com.

52°57′42″N 6°31′24″E / 52.96167°N 6.52333°E / 52.96167; 6.52333