Summary
Ernst Wilhelm Eduard von Knorr (8 March 1840 – 17 February 1920) was a German admiral of the Kaiserliche Marine who helped establish the German colonial empire.
Eduard von Knorr | |
|---|---|
 Portrait of Admiral Eduard von Knorr, Sydney, Australia, 1880, Freeman Studio | |
| Born | Ernst Wilhelm Eduard von Knorr 8 March 1840 |
| Died | 17 February 1920 |
| Nationality | Prussia |
| Employer | Prussian Navy |
| Known for | German admiral of the Kaiserliche Marine who helped establish the German colonial empire. Voyage through the Pacific Ocean to discuss trade negotiations with Tonga on behalf of the German Empire. |
Life edit
Born in Saarlouis, Rhenish Prussia, Knorr entered the Prussian Navy in 1856. While serving on the corvette Danzig, he fought against pirates off the coast of Morocco later that year. In 1859 he was promoted to Unterleutnant. From 1859 to 1862, he sailed with the Elbe on an expedition to the Far East. He was promoted to Leutnant in 1862 and Kapitänleutnant in 1865.
On 12 November 1870, during the Franco-Prussian War, Knorr commanded the gunboat Meteor in a battle with the French aviso Bouvet near Havana, for which he was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class. In 1871 he was promoted to Korvettenkapitän.
Beginning in 1874, Knorr took part in a voyage through the Pacific Ocean to discuss trade negotiations with Tonga on behalf of the German Empire. He was named Kapitän zur See in 1876, Chief of Staff of the Admiralty in 1881, and Konteradmiral in 1883.
As commander of the West African Squadron in December 1884, Knorr intervened in disputes between rival clans in Douala, Cameroon, imposing German sovereignty over the Cameroon estuary. He was awarded the Order of the Red Eagle for this success. From 1 April to 4 July 1885, Knorr was Reichskommissar of the German colony of Kamerun. He then commanded a cruiser squadron travelling to Zanzibar and negotiated with its sultan for the acquisition of a strip of German colonial territory.
In 1886 Knorr commanded a cruiser squadron at Samoa. He was promoted to Vizeadmiral in 1889, Admiral in 1893, and Commanding Admiral in 1895. Raised to the German nobility on 18 January 1896, he received the Order of the Black Eagle on 15 June 1898. He retired in 1899 and was appointed an admiral à la suite of the Seeoffizierkorps.
Knorr died in Berlin. Admiral-Knorr-Straße, a street in Saarlouis, is named after him.
Honours edit
- German honours[1]
- Knight of the Order of the Red Eagle, 2nd Class with Oak Leaves and Swords, 1885; with Crown, 1894; Grand Cross with Swords on Ring, 27 January 1897 (Prussia)[2]
- Knight of the Order of the Prussian Crown, 1st Class, 18 January 1893 (Prussia)[3]
- Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle, 15 June 1898; with Collar, 17 January 1899 (Prussia)[4]
- Iron Cross (1870), 2nd Class (Prussia)
- Service Award Cross (Prussia)
- Commander of the Order of the Zähringer Lion, 2nd Class with Swords, 1878; Grand Cross, 1895 (Baden)[5]
- Grand Cross of the Military Merit Order (Bavaria)
- Grand Cross of the Order of the Griffon (Mecklenburg)
- Grand Cross of the Albert Order, with Golden Star, 1895 (Saxony)[6]
- Foreign honours[1]
- Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of Leopold, 1895 (Austria-Hungary)[7]
- Knight of the Order of the Iron Crown, 1st Class, 1890 (Austria-Hungary)[8]
- Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold (Belgium)
- Grand Cross of the Order of the Dannebrog, 30 July 1888 (Denmark)[9]
- Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (Italy)
- Knight of the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky (Russia)
- Commander Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword, 27 July 1888 (Sweden-Norway)[10]
- Knight of the Order of the Brilliant Star of Zanzibar, Class II Grade I (Sultanate of Zanzibar)
Literature edit
- Hildebrand, Hans; Henriot, Ernest (1988). H — O (in German). Vol. 2. Osnabrück: Biblio-Verl. ISBN 3764814993.
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Further reading edit
- G.Beckmann, K.U. Keubke (Hrsg.): Alltag in der Kaiserlichen Marine um 1890. ISBN 3-89488-051-1, S.102–103 (in German)
- Cord Eberspächer/Gerhard Wiechmann: Admiral Eduard von Knorr (1840–1920). Eine Karriere in der neuen Elite der Seeoffiziere in Preußen-Deutschland. In: Karl Christian Führer/Karen Hagemann/Birthe Kundrus (Hg.): Eliten im Wandel. Gesellschaftliche Führungsschichten im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert. Für Klaus Saul zum 65. Geburtstag, Münster 2004, S. 239–258 (in German)
References edit
- ^ a b Handbuch über den Königlich Preußischen Hof und Staat fur das jahr 1908, p. 135
- ^ "Rother Adler-orden", Königlich Preussische Ordensliste (in German), Berlin, 1895, p. 7
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Königlich Preussische Ordensliste (supp.)", Preussische Ordens-Liste (in German), 1, Berlin: 67, 1886 – via hathitrust.org
- ^ "Schwarzer Adler-orden", Königlich Preussische Ordensliste (supp.) (in German), Berlin, 1895, p. 5 – via hathitrust.org
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1910), "Großherzogliche Orden", p. 187
- ^ Sachsen (1901). "Königlich Orden". Staatshandbuch für den Königreich Sachsen: 1901. Dresden: Heinrich. p. 145 – via hathitrust.org.
- ^ "Ritter-Orden: Oesterreichsch-kaiserlicher Leopold-orden", Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie, 1918, p. 74, retrieved 5 February 2021
- ^ "Ritter-Orden: Oesterreichsch-kaiserlicher Orden der Eisernen Krone", Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie, 1918, p. 133, retrieved 5 February 2021
- ^ Bille-Hansen, A. C.; Holck, Harald, eds. (1912) [1st pub.:1801]. Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1912 [State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1912] (PDF). Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender (in Danish). Copenhagen: J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri. pp. 13–14. Retrieved 30 April 2020 – via da:DIS Danmark.
- ^ Sveriges statskalender (in Swedish), 1890, p. 391
External links edit
- Deutsche-Schutzgebiete.de biography Archived 24 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine (in German)
- Cameroon 1884