Summary
Eli Hamilton Janney (November 12, 1831 – June 16, 1912) was the inventor of the modern knuckle coupler that replaced link and pin couplers on North American railroads.
Biography edit
He was born in 1831 to Daniel Janney and Elizabeth Avis Haines in Loudoun County, Virginia. He studied briefly at a seminary.[1] He married Cornelia Hamilton (1833–1889).
In the American Civil War, Janney achieved the rank of major for the Confederate States of America,[1][2] and served on the staff of General Robert E. Lee.[2]
After the war, he was a dry goods clerk in Alexandria, Virginia; he spent many of his lunches whittling his concept out of a block of wood for a replacement to the railroads' link and pin couplers that were in wide use. On April 1, 1873, Janney filed for a patent titled "Improvement in Car-Couplings" describing the knuckle-style couplers that are in use on railroads today. He was awarded U.S. patent 138,405 on April 29, 1873.[1]
He died on June 16, 1912, in Alexandria, Virginia and was buried in Ivy Hill Cemetery. The City of Alexandria named one of their streets in his honor, Janney's Lane.[3]
Janney's coupler and the Westinghouse air brake are generally regarded as being the two most significant safety inventions in U.S. railroads between the end of the Civil War and 1900.
References edit
- ^ a b c White, John H. Jr. (2007-02-19). "The Strongest Handshake in the World". American Heritage. Archived from the original on 2007-02-19. Retrieved 2018-11-11.
- ^ a b tombstone at Ivy Hill Cemetery
- ^ Kelly, John (2011-11-11). "Janneys Lane in Alexandria named for railroad innovator". Washington Post. Retrieved 2018-11-11.
Further reading edit
- Railcar Coupler History in North America, by J.H.White at American Heritage Magazine
- CPRR.org (2004), Link and Pin Couplers; includes a scanned copy of the patent application. Retrieved March 31, 2005.
- Union Pacific Railroad, UP - Chronological History. Retrieved March 30, 2005 Jim
- White, John H. Jr. (Spring 1986). "America's Most Noteworthy Railroaders". Railroad History. 154: 9–15. ISSN 0090-7847. JSTOR 43523785. OCLC 1785797.
Patents awarded edit
- U.S. patent 77,046 Improved Car Coupling, April 21, 1868
- U.S. patent 138,405 Improvement in Car-Couplings April 29, 1873
- U.S. patent 156,024 Improvement in Car-Couplings October 20, 1874
- U.S. patent 207,183 Improvement in Car-Platforms August 20, 1878
- U.S. patent 207,525 Improvement in Car-Coupling Draw-Bars August 27, 1876
- U.S. patent 212,703 Improvement in Car-Couplings February 25, 1879
- U.S. patent 214,043 Improvement in Car-Buffers April 8, 1879
- U.S. patent 215,363 Improvement in Car-Buffers May 13, 1879
- U.S. patent 251,594
- U.S. patent 254,093
- U.S. patent 628,329
- U.S. patent 628,330
- U.S. patent 717,686
- U.S. patent 766,042
- U.S. patent 781,949
- U.S. patent 781,950
- U.S. patent 974,153
- U.S. patent 974,154
- U.S. patent 1,045,091
- U.S. patent 1,095,211
- U.S. patent RE8153