Enakalle

Summary

Enakalle (Sumerian: 𒂗𒀉𒆗𒇷, EN.A.KAL-le), or Enakalli, was the king of Umma circa 2500–2400 BC, a Sumerian city-state, during the Early Dynastic III period (2600–2350 BC). His reign lasted at least 8 years.[1]

Enakalle
𒂗𒀉𒆗𒇷
King of Umma
Stone tablet for the dedication of a temple, inscribed by Il, king of Umma, c. 2400 BC, and mentioning his father Eandamu, and his grandfather King Enakalle. Oriental Institute Museum, University of Chicago
Reignc. 2500  BC – 2400  BC
PredecessorUsh
SuccessorUr-Lumma (son)
Dynasty1st Dynasty of Umma

Enakalle in the cone of Entemena edit

His predecessor Ush, ruler of Umma, attacked nearby Lagash after ripping out the stele of Mesilim, trying to take Gu-Edin, as recording in the Cone of Entemena.[2][3] Ush was severely defeated by Eannatum of Lagash, in a battle recorded in the Stele of the Vultures, losing 3,600 men in battle. Ush was then toppled and put to death by his own people.[4]

Enakalle, his successor, finally made a peace treaty with Eannatum of Lagash, as described in the Cone of Entemena:[2][3][4]

 

32–38

𒂍𒀭𒈾𒁺 𒉺𒋼𒋛 𒉢𒁓𒆷𒆠 𒉺𒄑𒉋𒂵 𒂗𒋼𒈨𒈾 𒉺𒋼𒋛 𒉢𒁓𒆷𒆠𒅗𒆤
e2-an-na-tum2 ensi2 lagaški pa-bil3-ga en-mete-na ensi2 lagaški-ka-ke4
"Eannatum, ruler of Lagash, uncle of Entemena, ruler of Lagaš"
39–42
𒂗𒀉𒆗𒇷 𒉺𒋼𒋛 𒄑𒆵𒆠𒁕 𒆠 𒂊𒁕𒋩
en-a2-kal-le ensi2 ummaki-da ki e-da-sur
"fixed the border with Enakalle, ruler of Umma"
Extract from the Cone of Enmetena, Room 236 Reference AO 3004, Louvre Museum.[5][6]

 
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Il was king of Umma, circa 2400 BCE.

Enakalle in inscriptions edit

Ur-Lumma was the son of Enakalle, and his successor. He challenged Enannatum I, but was defeated by his successor Enmetena.[7][8]

References edit

  1. ^ Sallaberger, Walther; Schrakamp, Ingo (2015). Arcane III (PDF). BREPOLS. p. 75.
  2. ^ a b King 1994, pp. 126–128.
  3. ^ a b King & Hall 2006, pp. 171–173.
  4. ^ a b Sallaberger, Walther; Schrakamp, Ingo (2015). History & Philology (PDF). Walther Sallaberger & Ingo Schrakamp (eds), Brepols. pp. 74–76. ISBN 978-2-503-53494-7.
  5. ^ "Cone of Enmetena, king of Lagash". 2020.
  6. ^ "CDLI-Found Texts". cdli.ucla.edu. Retrieved 2018-03-12.
  7. ^ Van De Mieroop, Marc (2004). A History of the Ancient Near East: Ca. 3000-323 BC. Wiley. pp. 50–51. ISBN 9780631225522.
  8. ^ Sallaberger, Walther; Schrakamp, Ingo (2015). History & Philology (PDF). Walther Sallaberger & Ingo Schrakamp (eds), Brepols. pp. 74–80. ISBN 978-2-503-53494-7.
  9. ^ "Louvre Museum Official Website". cartelen.louvre.fr.
  10. ^ Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2003. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-58839-043-1.
  11. ^ Thomas, Ariane; Potts, Timothy (2020). Mesopotamia: Civilization Begins. Getty Publications. p. 108. ISBN 978-1-60606-649-2.

Sources edit

  • King, Leonard W. (1994) [1st published 1910 by Chatto and Windus]. A History of Sumer and Akkad. Ripol Classic. ISBN 978-5-87664-034-5.
  • King, L. W.; Hall, H. R. (1 February 2006) [1st published 1907]. Egypt and Western Asia in the Light of Recent Discoveries. Cosimo, Inc. ISBN 978-1-59605-763-0.