Ethics:_Inventing_Right_and_Wrong Knowpia

Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong
	First edition
Author	J. L. Mackie
Language	English
Subject	Philosophy
Genre	Non-fiction
Publisher	Penguin Books

Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong is a 1977 work of ethics by J. L. Mackie known for its espousal of moral skepticism and the argument from queerness.

Contents edit

The first chapter, "The Subjectivity of Values," opens with Mackie's rejection of moral universalism: "There are no objective values."^[1] This chapter is well known for advancing two arguments against moral universalism: the argument from disagreement and the argument from queerness. The chapter is excerpted in the fourth (2007) edition of Stuart and James Rachels's The Right Thing to Do: Basic Readings in Moral Philosophy.^[2]

Argument from disagreement edit

The argument from disagreement, also known as the argument from relativity, first observes that there is a lot of intractable moral disagreement: people disagree about what is right and what is wrong.^[3] Mackie argues that the best explanation of this is that right and wrong are invented, not objective truths.

Argument from queerness edit

The argument from queerness has two forms: metaphysical and epistemological. With regards to the metaphysical version, if moral properties or entities were to exist, they would be very unusual ("queer") things. Epistemologically, it is unclear how we could come to know about such entities. The metaphysical and epistemological arguments are tied together, "since we are forced to posit weird epistemological equipment only if it has already been established that the properties in question are weird."^[3]

References edit

^ Mackie, J. L. (John Leslie) (1978). Ethics : inventing right and wrong. Harmondsworth, Middlesex : Penguin Books. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-14-021957-9 – via Internet Archive.
^ "The Right Thing to Do: Basic Readings in Moral Philosophy". www.jamesrachels.org. Retrieved 2021-07-15.
^ ^a ^b Joyce, Richard. "Mackie's Arguments for the Moral Error Theory". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2017.