Faroese orthography is the method employed to write the Faroese language, using a 29-letter Latin alphabet.
The Faroese alphabet consists of 29 letters derived from the Latin script:
Majuscule forms (also called uppercase or capital letters) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | Á | B | D | Ð | E | F | G | H | I | Í | J | K | L | M | N | O | Ó | P | R | S | T | U | Ú | V | Y | Ý | Æ | Ø |
Minuscule forms (also called lowercase or small letters) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
a | á | b | d | ð | e | f | g | h | i | í | j | k | l | m | n | o | ó | p | r | s | t | u | ú | v | y | ý | æ | ø |
Grapheme | Name | Short | Long |
---|---|---|---|
A, a | fyrra a [ˈfɪɹːa ɛaː] ("leading a") | /a/ | /ɛaː/ |
Á, á | á [ɔaː] | /ɔ/ | /ɔaː/ |
E, e | e [eː] | /ɛ/ | /eː/ |
I, i | fyrra i [ˈfɪɹːa iː] ("leading i") | /ɪ/ | /iː/ |
Í, í | fyrra í [ˈfɪɹːa ʊiː] ("leading í") | /ʊi/ | /ʊiː/ |
O, o | o [oː] | /ɔ/ | /oː/ |
Ó, ó | ó [ɔuː] | /œ/ | /ɔuː/ |
U, u | u [uː] | /ʊ/ | /uː/ |
Ú, ú | ú [ʉuː] | /ʏ/ | /ʉuː/ |
Y, y | seinna i [ˈsaiːtna iː] ("latter i") | /ɪ/ | /iː/ |
Ý, ý | seinna í [ˈsaiːtna ʊiː] ("latter í") | /ʊi/ | /ʊiː/ |
Æ, æ | seinna a [ˈsaiːtna ɛaː] ("latter a") | /a/ | /ɛaː/ |
Ø, ø | ø [øː] | /œ/ | /øː/ |
EI, ei | ei [aiː] | /ai/ | /aiː/ |
EY, ey | ey [eiː] | /ɛi/ | /ɛiː/ |
OY, oy | oy [oiː] | /ɔi/ | /ɔiː/ |
Grapheme | Name | IPA |
---|---|---|
B, b | be | /p/ |
D, d | de | /t/ |
>dj | /tʃ/ | |
Ð, ð | edd | /j/, /w/, /v/, Ø |
F, f | eff | /f/ |
G, g | ge | /k/, /tʃ/, /j/, /w/, /v/, Ø |
>gj | /tʃ/ | |
H, h | há | /h/ |
>hj | /tʃʰ/, /j/ | |
>hv | /kv/ | |
J, j | joð | /j/ |
K, k | ká | /kʰ/, /tʃʰ/ |
>kj | /tʃʰ/ | |
>kk | /kː/ [ʰkː] | |
L, l | ell | /l/, [l], [ɬ] |
>ll | /tl/ [tɬ], /lː/ | |
M, m | emm | /m/ |
N, n | enn | /n/ |
>ng | /nk/ [ŋk], /ntʃ/ [ɲtʃ] | |
>nk | /nkʰ/ [ŋ̊kʰ], /ntʃʰ/ [ɲ̊tʃʰ] | |
>nj | /ɲ/, /nj/ | |
>nn | /tn/, /nː/ | |
P, p | pe | /pʰ/ |
>pp | /pː/ [ʰpː] | |
R, r | err | /ɹ/ [ɹ], [ɻ] |
S, s | ess | /s/, /ʃ/ |
>sj | /ʃ/ | |
>sk | /sk/, /ʃ/ | |
>skj | /ʃ/ | |
>stj | /ʃ/ | |
T, t | te | /tʰ/ |
>tj | /tʃʰ/ | |
>tt | /tː/ [ʰtː] | |
V, v | ve | /v/ [v], [ʋ], [f] |
Faroese avoids having a hiatus between two vowels by inserting a glide. Orthographically, this is shown in three ways:
Typically, the first vowel is long and in words with two syllables always stressed, while the second vowel is short and unstressed. In Faroese, short and unstressed vowels can only be /a/, /i/, /u/.
First vowel | Second vowel | Examples | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
i [ɪ] | u [ʊ] | a [a] | ||
i, y [iː] | [j] | [j] | [j] | sigið, siður, siga |
í, ý [ʊiː] | [j] | [j] | [j] | mígi, mígur, míga |
ey [ɛiː] | [j] | [j] | [j] | reyði, reyður, reyða |
ei [aiː] | [j] | [j] | [j] | reiði, reiður, reiða |
oy [ɔiː] | [j] | [j] | [j] | noyði, royður, royða |
u [uː] | [w] | [w] | [w] | suði, mugu, suða |
ó [ɔuː] | [w] | [w] | [w] | róði, róðu, Nóa |
ú [ʉuː] | [w] | [w] | [w] | búði, búðu, túa |
a, æ [ɛaː] | [j] | [v] | – | ræði, æðu, glaða |
á [ɔaː] | [j] | [v] | – | ráði, fáur, ráða |
e [eː] | [j] | [v] | – | gleði, legu, gleða |
o [oː] | [j] | [v] | – | togið, smogu, roða |
ø [øː] | [j] | [v] | – | løgin, røðu, høgan |
The value of the glide is determined by the surrounding vowels: