Summary
Fatma Sultan (Ottoman Turkish: فاطمه سلطان; c. 1607[1] – fl. 1670[2]: 168 ) was an Ottoman princess, the daughter of sultan Ahmed I (r. 1603–1617) and Kösem Sultan,[3][4] sister of sultans Murad IV (r. 1623–1640) and Ibrahim (r. 1640–1648), and the paternal aunt of sultan Mehmed IV (r. 1648–1687).
| Fatma Sultan | |
|---|---|
| Born | c. 1607 Topkapı Palace, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire (present day Istanbul, Turkey) |
| Died | fl. 1670 Istanbul, Ottoman Empire |
| Burial | Ahmed I mausoleum, Blue Mosque, Istanbul |
| Spouses |
Çatalcalı Hasan Pasha
(m. 1624; div. 1626)Canbuladzade Mustafa Pasha
(m. 1630; executed 1636)Koca Yusuf Pasha (m. c. 1639; died 1658) Kanbur Mustafa Pasha
(m. 1663; died 1666)Közbekçi Yusuf Pasha
(m. 1667) |
| Dynasty | Ottoman |
| Father | Ahmed I |
| Mother | Kösem Sultan |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
Biography edit
Born in around 1607[1] in Istanbul, Fatma Sultan was the daughter of sultan Ahmed I and his consort Kösem Sultan.[5]
In 1624,[6] during the reign of her brother Sultan Murad IV, Fatma married married Sarrac Çatalcalı Hasan Pasha. He was initially associated with the chief black eunuch's household, had risen through the ranks from the saddlery to become a kitchen attendant and later the head courier (çavuşbaşi) in the sultan's service.[7] In 1626,[6] her brother, Murad took steps to break the familial connection between Kösem and Admiral Hasan Pasha. Disturbed by his mother's extensive support for Hasan Pasha, Murad decided to dissolve the marriage. Murad's action against the otherwise successful admiral might have stemmed from his growing inclination to diminish the influence of his inner palace advisors and establish control over significant government officials. In an attempt to appease her son, Kösem reportedly offered him ornately equipped horses and a banquet worth ten thousand aspers.[7] Following divorce from her first husband, she married the governor of Egypt, Kara Mustafa Pasha the same year.[8][6] She was widowed in 1628, when Kara Mustafa Pasha was executed by her brother, Murad, for some action "contrary to the law of God."[9] Upon the execution of her second husband, she married Canbuladzade Mustafa Pasha in 1630.[6] He was executed by the orders of her brother, Murad in 1635–36.[8]
By 1639,[10] she was married to Koca Yusuf Pasha.[2]: 168 [11] Her daily stipend during this time was 430 aspers.[10] In 1643, early in the reign of her brother Sultan Ibrahim, Fatma is recorded, like her sisters Ayşe Sultan and Hanzade Sultan, as receiving the maximum daily stipend for imperial princesses of the time, namely 400 aspers.[12] Later in around 1647, the three of them as well as their niece, Murad's daughter Kaya Sultan, were subjected, on what was another assault of the protocol on Ibrahim's part, to the indignity of subordination to his concubines. He took away their lands and jewels (presumably to award them to his Hasekis), and made them serve Hümaşah Sultan, the concubine he married, by standing at attention like servants while she ate and fetching and holding the soap, basin and pitcher of water with which she washed her hands.[1] Because of what he believed was failure to serve his beloved Hümaşah properly, the Sultan then banished them to Edirne Palace.[13] She was widowed at Yusuf Pasha's death in 1658.[14]
One of the most noted of the seven marriages of Fatma was her marriage to Melek Ahmed Pasha,[2]: 168 previously married to her niece, Kaya Sultan. The betrothal took place in November 1661 and the marriage took place on 29 April 1662. The marriage was forcibly arranged against the wishes of both parties, and unhappy, and Melek Ahmed Pasha accused the Grand Vizier Köprülü Mehmed Pasha of having arranged it to punish him. The Grand Vizier himself joked that he had given Melek Ahmed Pasha an elephant to feed.[15] On the wedding night, Fatma presented Melek Ahmed Pasha her demand of what allowance she wished for herself and her court. He replied that the amount was impossible, upon which she replied that divorce was the only alternative, and demanded he return her dowry to her, which amounted to one year of taxes of Egypt[16] (this was possibly related to the fact that one of her previous husbands, the late Kara Mustafa Pasha, had formerly been a governor of the Egypt province of the Ottoman Empire and was reported to have been forced to pay back the tax proceeds that he had embezzled during his term).[17]
When she was widowed in 1662 shortly thereafter, she sealed his residence and claimed the right to his property, which caused a conflict with the Grand Vizier, who was forced to give in to her demands.[18] In June 1663, she married Vezir Kanbur Mustafa Pasha, the Beylerbeyi of Baghdad. After his death in 1666, she married the Beylerbeyi of Silistre Vezir Közbekçi Yusuf Pasha on 5 September 1667.[2]: 168 [19]
In popular culture edit
In the 2016 TV series Muhteşem Yüzyıl: Kösem, Fatma is portrayed by Turkish actress Balim Gaye Bayrak.[20]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ a b c Peirce 1993, p. 246.
- ^ a b c d Miović, Vesna (2018-05-02). "Per favore della Soltana: moćne osmanske žene i dubrovački diplomati". Anali Zavoda Za Povijesne Znanosti Hrvatske Akademije Znanosti i Umjetnosti U Dubrovniku (in Croatian). 56 (56/1): 147–197. doi:10.21857/mwo1vczp2y. ISSN 1330-0598.
- ^ Singh, Nagendra Kr (2000). International encyclopaedia of Islamic dynasties (reproduction of the article by M. Cavid Baysun "Kösem Walide or Kösem Sultan" in The Encyclopaedia of Islam vol V). Anmol Publications PVT. pp. 423–424. ISBN 81-261-0403-1.
Through her beauty and intelligence, Kösem Walide was especially attractive to Ahmed I, and drew ahead of more senior wives in the palace. She bore the sultan four sons – Murad, Süleyman, Ibrahim and Kasim – and three daughters – 'Ayşe, Fatma and Djawharkhan. These daughters she subsequently used to consolidate her political influence by strategic marriages to different viziers.
- ^ Peirce 1993, p. 365.
- ^ Peirce 1993, p. 145.
- ^ a b c d Armağan, M. (1995). İstanbul armağanı. İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kültür İşleri Daire Başkanlığı yayınları. İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kültür İşleri Daire Başkanlığı. p. 117. ISBN 978-975-7580-33-1.
- ^ a b Peirce 1993, p. 245.
- ^ a b Tezcan, Baki (November 2001). Searching for Osman: A reassessment of the deposition of the Ottoman Sultan Osman II (1618-1622). pp. 334 n. 58.
- ^ Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France. Vol. 2. R. Faulder. 1789. p. 51.
The sultan Morad put him to death in the year 1037 [AH], for some action which was contrary to the law of God.
- ^ a b Dumas, Juliette (2013). Les perles de nacre du sultanat: Les princesses ottomanes (mi-XVe – mi-XVIIIe siècle). p. 464.
- ^ Çelebi, Evliya; Temelkuran, Tevfik; Aktaş, Necati; Çevik, Münim (1978). Evliya Çelebi seyahatnamesi, Volumes 5-6. Üçdal Neşriyat. p. 1739.
- ^ Peirce 1993, p. 128.
- ^ Mustafa Naima Efendi (1968). Naîmâ Târihi - Cilt 4. Zuhuri Danişman Yayinevi. p. 1781.
- ^ Cikar, J. (2011). Türkischer Biographischer Index. De Gruyter. p. 1080. ISBN 978-3-11-096577-3.
- ^ Çelebi, E.; Dankoff, R.; Murphy, R. (1991). The Intimate Life of an Ottoman Statesman, Melek Ahmed Pasha (1588-1662): As Portrayed in Evliya Çelebi's Book of Travels (Seyahâtnâme). SUNY series in medieval Middle East history. State University of New York Press. p. 255.
- ^ Peirce 1993, p. 146.
- ^ Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France. Vol. 2. R. Faulder. 1789. p. 46.
- ^ Evliya Çelebi (1 January 1991). The Intimate Life of an Ottoman Statesman, Melek Ahmed Pasha (1588-1662): As Portrayed in Evliya Celebi's Book of Travels (Seyahat-name). SUNY Press. p. 265. ISBN 978-0-7914-0640-3.
- ^ Silahdar Findiklili Mehmed Agha (2012). ZEYL-İ FEZLEKE (1065-22 Ca.1106 / 1654-7 Şubat 1695). pp. 287, 494.
- ^ "The Magnificent Century: Kosem (TV Series 2015–2017)". IMDb. 2024-02-24. Retrieved 2024-02-24.
Bibliography edit
- Peirce, Leslie P. (1993). The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-195-08677-5.