Born in 1898 in Palermo, Italy, Fulco di Verdura grew up in aristocratic surroundings largely unchanged since the 1700s.^[4] During his early years, he developed a vivid imagination, wild sense of humor, and a love for animals that would later influence his jewelry designs.^[5]

Fulco gained the title of duke when, in August 1923, his father died.^[6] Free to go where he pleased but limited financially, he would have to find a profession that fit his stature and provided income to match his lifestyle.^[7]

A meeting in 1919 put Fulco on the path to discover what would be his life's work. That year, he met Linda and Cole Porter – two of his biggest supporters and early backers – in Palermo.^[2] Six years later, during a party hosted by the Porters in Venice, Linda introduced Fulco to Gabrielle “Coco” Chanel, who would go on to hire Fulco as a textile designer in 1927.^[8] Quickly identifying his talents, Chanel asked him to update the settings of jewelry she had been given by ex-lovers, including Bendor Grosvenor, Duke of Westminster, and the Russian Grand Duke Dmitri.^[9] Impressed with his work, Chanel began what would be an eight-year collaboration by making him head designer of Chanel jewelry.^[8]

Not long after Fulco started working for Chanel, he created her now iconic Maltese Cross Cuffs, setting a gold cross adorned with bright cabochons in white enamel.^[10] A year later, Chanel boutiques sold a piece of costume jewelry modeled after the cuffs Fulco created.^[10] The cuffs are considered the hallmark of the Verdura brand and they have been copied many times over the years.^[11]

Fulco left Chanel in 1934 to venture to the United States with Baron Nicolas de Gunzburg and Princess Natalia Pavlovna Paley.^[12] He traveled first to Hollywood and then to New York where Diana Vreeland, a Chanel client, introduced Fulco to the jeweler Paul Flato.^[12] Fulco joined Flato's design team full-time when Flato opened a boutique in Hollywood.^[5] “Verdura for Flato” became a signature admired by both socialites on the East Coast and silver screen royalty out west.^[5]

Fulco broke out on his own in 1939, opening a small salon called Verdura in New York at 712 Fifth Avenue with the financial backing of Cole Porter and Vincent Astor.^[8] His primary inspiration came from his childhood in Sicily.^[13] His love of art began when he learned about the Renaissance in an illustrated book on Raphael.^[14] In the designs he made for Verdura, he continuously incorporated themes of nature, creating brooches that looked like leaves made of colored zircons, a pomegranate made of ruby seeds, a gold corncob made with black pearl kernels, and an artichoke made of emerald petals.^[2]

In 1941, Fulco collaborated with Salvador Dalí on a collection of jewelry designs.^[8] Also that year, he designed “Night and Day” cufflinks for Cole Porter that were inspired by the lyrics of the hit song and have since become signature Verdura pieces.^[8] Porter, in return, immortalized Fulco's name in the song “Farming” from the 1941 show Let’s Face It!: “Liz Whitney has, on her bin of manure, a Clip designed by the Duke of Verdura.”^[15]

A perfectionist, Fulco would spend his days drafting precise design sketches, specifying materials, size, and color.^[15] Joseph Alfano, Fulco's business partner, is responsible for preserving a good portion of Fulco's sketches that now comprise the Verdura archive and otherwise would have been destroyed, rescuing overlooked pages in sketchbooks, scraps left on the floor, and sheets discarded in wastepaper baskets.^[16]

According to the British interior decorator Nicholas Haslam, Fulco was a lover of Simon Fleet or Harry Carnes, his real name.^[17] Simon had worked as an actor and designer. Fulco later met Tom Parr, an interior decorator^[18] who was a friend and business partner of David Nightingale Hicks and later head of Colefax and Fowler.^[19] They stayed together until Fulco's death.^[20]

In 1973, Fulco sold his stake in his business to Alfano and retired to London where he continued to sketch and paint until his death in 1978.^[21] He never married and had no children and so with him, the Santostefano della Cerda family died out. He arranged for his ashes to be brought to Palermo after his death and kept in the family tomb in the Sant'Orsola cemetery.

• Fulco di Verdura at FMD