Summary
Garshasp II (Persian: گرشاسپ), was the last Persian Kakuyid Emir of Yazd and Abarkuh. He was the son of Ali ibn Faramurz.
| Garshasp II | |
|---|---|
| Emir of Yazd and Abarkuh | |
| Reign | 1095–1141 |
| Predecessor | Ali ibn Faramurz |
| Successor | Sam ibn Wardanruz (Atabegs of Yazd) |
| Born | Unknown Yazd |
| Died | 1141 Qatwan (present day Uzbekistan) |
| Consort | Sitara Khatun( Daughter of Malik-Shah I |
| House | Kakuyid |
| Father | Ali ibn Faramurz |
| Religion | Islam |
Biography edit
After the death of Garshasp's father Ali ibn Faramurz in 1095 in a battle near Ray, he succeeded him as the head of the Kakuyid family, where he became an honored figure at the Saljuq court. At the beginning of the twelfth century, he enjoyed the favor of Sultan Muhammad. However, in 1118, when Muhammad's son Mahmud II ascended the throne, Garshasp fell into disgrace; slander about him spread to the court that made him lose confidence, and made Mahmud send a military force to Yazd where Garshasp was arrested and jailed in Jibal, while Yazd was granted to the royal cupbearer. Garshasp, however, escaped and returned to Yazd, where he requested protection from Ahmad Sanjar (Garshasp's wife was the sister of Ahmad).
Garshasp urged Ahmad to invade the domains of Mahmud II in Central Persia, and gave him information on how to march to Central Persia, and the ways to combat Mahmud II. Ahmad accepted and advanced with an army to the west in 1119, where he together with five kings defeated Mahmud II at Saveh. The kings who aided Ahmad during the battle was Garshasp himself, the Emir of Sistan and the Khwarazm-Shah, including two other unnamed kings. After being victorious, Ahmad then restored the domains of Garshasp II.[1]
After that he returned to Yazd where disappeared from the chronicles, however, there is a mention of him fighting the Kara-Khitan Khanate, where he was reportedly killed,[2] and which marked the end of the Kakuyid dynasty. However, his descendants continued to rule as Atabegs of Yazd.[3]
References edit
- ^ Bosworth 1983, pp. 328–329.
- ^ Bosworth, Clifford Edmund, Historic cities of the Islamic world, (BRILL, 2007), 562.
- ^ Clifford Edmund Bosworth, The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual, Columbia University, 1996. Excerpt 1 pp 209: "The Atabegs of Yazd" (1141-1297)" Excerpt 2: "From the names of the earlier members at least, it seems they were ethnically Persian, but, like the Hazaraspids, they adopted the Turkish title of Atabeg"
Bibliography edit
- Janine and Dominique Sourdel, Historical Dictionary of Islam, Éd. PUF, ISBN 978-2-13-054536-1, article Kakuyids, pp. 452–453.
- Bosworth, C. E. (1968). "The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World (A.D. 1000–1217)". In Boyle, John Andrew (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–202. ISBN 0-521-06936-X.
- Bosworth, C. Edmund (1983). "ABŪ KĀLĪJĀR GARŠĀSP (II)". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume I/3: Ablution, Islamic–Abū Manṣūr Heravı̄. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 328–329. ISBN 978-0-71009-092-8.
- Bosworth, C. Edmund (2010). "KĀKUYIDS". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume XV/4: Kafir Kala–Ḵamsa of Jamāli. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 359–362. ISBN 978-1-934283-26-4.