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GeForce 40 series

Summary

The GeForce 40 series is a family of graphics processing units developed by Nvidia, succeeding the GeForce 30 series. The series was announced on September 20, 2022, at the GPU Technology Conference (GTC) 2022 event.

GeForce 40 series
Nvidia GeForce RTX 4090, released in 2022, the series' flagship unit, in the Founders Edition
Release dateOctober 12, 2022; 18 months ago (2022-10-12)
Manufactured byTSMC
Designed byNvidia
Marketed byNvidia
CodenameAD10x
ArchitectureAda Lovelace
ModelsGeForce RTX series
Cores2560–16384 CUDA cores
Transistors
  • 18.9B (AD107)
  • 22.9B (AD106)
  • 35.8B (AD104)
  • 45.9B (AD103)
  • 76.3B (AD102)
Fabrication processTSMC 4N[1]
Cards
Entry-level
  • GeForce RTX 4050 (laptop only)[2]
  • GeForce RTX 4060
  • GeForce RTX 4060 Ti
  • GeForce RTX 4060 Ti (16 GB)
Mid-range
  • GeForce RTX 4070
  • GeForce RTX 4070 SUPER
  • GeForce RTX 4070 Ti
  • GeForce RTX 4070 Ti SUPER
High-end
  • GeForce RTX 4080
  • GeForce RTX 4080 SUPER
Enthusiast
  • GeForce RTX 4090
API support
DirectXDirect3D 12.0 Ultimate (feature level 12_2)
Shader Model 6.8
OpenCLOpenCL 3.0[a]
OpenGLOpenGL 4.6
VulkanVulkan 1.3
History
PredecessorGeForce 30 series
Support status
Supported

The RTX 4090 was released as the first model of the series on October 12, 2022, launched for $1,599 US[1] and the 16GB RTX 4080 was released on November 16, 2022 for $1,199 US. An RTX 4080 12GB was announced in September 2022, originally to be priced at $899 US, but following some controversy in the media, was "unlaunched" by Nvidia. On January 5, 2023, that model would be released as the RTX 4070 Ti for $799 US. The RTX 4070 was then released on April 13, 2023 at $599 US MSRP. The RTX 4060 Ti was released on May 24, 2023 at $399 US, and the RTX 4060 on June 29, 2023, at $299 US. An RTX 4060 Ti 16GB followed on July 18, 2023, at $499 US. Further models of this generation of desktop and mobile GPUs are to release later in 2024. On January 8, 2024, Nvidia released the RTX 4070 SUPER at $599, RTX 4070 Ti SUPER at $799 and RTX 4080 SUPER at $999. These video cards were launched at higher specs and lower prices than their original counterparts.[3] In the same vein the production of the RTX 4080 and RTX 4070 Ti have stopped due to the SUPER series, but the 4070 will remain.[4]

The cards are based on Nvidia's Ada Lovelace architecture and feature Nvidia's third-generation RT cores for hardware-accelerated ray tracing (RTX), and fourth-generation deep-learning-focused Tensor Cores.

Details edit

Architectural highlights of the Ada Lovelace architecture include the following:[5]

  • CUDA Compute Capability 8.9[6]
  • TSMC 4N process (custom designed for Nvidia)[1] – not to be confused with N4
  • Fourth-generation Tensor Cores with FP8, FP16, bfloat16, TensorFloat-32 (TF32) and sparsity acceleration
  • Third-generation Ray Tracing Cores, along with concurrent ray tracing, shading and compute
  • Shader Execution Reordering – needs to be enabled by the developer[7]
  • Dual NVENC with 8K 10-bit 60FPS AV1 fixed function hardware encoding[8][9]
  • A new generation of Optical Flow Accelerator to aid DLSS 3.0 intermediate AI-based frame generation[10]
  • No NVLink support[11][12]
  • DisplayPort 1.4a and HDMI 2.1 display connections
  • Double-precision (FP64) performance of the Ada Lovelace chips are 1/64 of single-precision (FP32) performance.

Products edit

Desktop edit

  • RTX 4060 and RTX 4060 Ti use GDDR6 video memory. All other cards use Micron GDDR6X video memory.
  • RTX 4060 and RTX 4060 Ti have a limited 8 lane PCIe 4.0 bus interface. All other cards support the full 16 lanes.
Model Launch Launch
MSRP
(USD/CNY) 		Code
name(s)
Transistors (billion)
Die size (mm2)
 Core
config[b]
SM count[c]
 L2
cache
(MB) 		Clock speeds[d] Fillrate[e][f] Memory Processing power (TFLOPS) TDP
Core
clock
(MHz) 		Memory
(Gb/s) 		Pixel
(Gpx/s) 		Texture
(Gtex/s) 		Size
(GB) 		Band-
width
(GB/s) 		Bus
width
(bit) 		Half
(boost) 		Single
(boost) 		Double
(boost) 		Tensor
compute
(sparse)

GeForce RTX
4060[13][14][15] 		Jun 29, 2023 $299 AD107-400 18.9 146 3072
96:32:24:96 		24 24 1830
(2460) 		17
(118.1)
(236.2) 		8 272 128
(15.11)
(15.11)
(0.236) 		115 W
GeForce RTX
4060 Ti[13][16][17] 		May 24, 2023 $399 AD106-350 22.9 190 4352
136:48:34:136 		34 32 2310
(2540) 		18
(121.7)
(344.8) 		288
(22.06)
(22.06)
(0.345) 		160 W
Jul 18, 2023 $499 AD106-351 16 165 W
GeForce RTX
4070[18][19][20] 		Apr 13, 2023 $599 AD104-250 35.8 294.5 5888
184:64:46:184 		46 36 1920
(2475) 		21 122.9
(158.4) 		353.3
(455.4) 		12 504 192 22.61
(29.15) 		22.61
(29.15) 		0.353
(0.455) 		116.8
[233.6] 		200 W
GeForce RTX
4070 SUPER[21][22] 		Jan 17, 2024 AD104-350 7168
224:80:56:224 		56 48 1980
(2475)
(198)
(554.4)
(35.48)
(35.48)
(0.554) 		220 W
GeForce RTX
4070 Ti[18][23] 		Jan 5, 2023 $799 AD104-400 7680
240:80:60:240 		60 2310
(2610) 		184.8
(208.8) 		554.4
(626.4) 		35.48
(40.09) 		35.48
(40.09) 		0.554
(0.626) 		160.4
[320.8] 		285 W
GeForce RTX
4070 Ti SUPER[21][24] 		Jan 24, 2024 AD103-275 45.9 378.6 8448
264:96:66:264 		66 2340
(2610)
(292.3)
(689) 		16 672 256
(44.1)
(44.1)
(0.689)
GeForce RTX
4080[25][26] 		Nov 16, 2022 $1,199 AD103-300 9728
304:112:76:304 		76 64 2210
(2505) 		22.4 247.5
(280.6) 		671.8
(761.5) 		716.8 42.99
(48.74) 		42.99
(48.74) 		0.672
(0.762) 		194.9
[389.8] 		320 W
GeForce RTX
4080 SUPER[21][27] 		Jan 31, 2024 $999 AD103-400 10240
320:112:80:320 		80 2205
(2550) 		23
(280.6)
(801.6) 		736
(51.3)
(51.3)
(0.802)
GeForce RTX
4090 D[28][29][30] 		Dec 28, 2023
China only 		￥12,999 AD102-250 76.3 608.5 14592
456:176:114:456 		114 72 2280
(2520) 		21
(443.5)
(1,149) 		24 1008 384
(73.54)
(73.54)
(1.149) 		425 W
GeForce RTX
4090[31][32] 		Oct 12, 2022 $1,599 AD102-300 16384
512:176:128:512 		128 2230
(2520) 		392.5
(443.5) 		1,142
(1,290) 		73.07
(82.58) 		73.07
(82.58) 		1.142
(1.290) 		330.3
[660.6] 		450 W

Mobile edit

  • All models feature GDDR6 memory.
Model Launch Code
name(s)
Transistors (billion)
Die size (mm2)
 Core
config[b]
SM count[c]
 L2
cache
(MB) 		Clock speeds[d] Memory TDP
Core clock
(MHz) 		Memory
(Gb/s) 		Size
(GB) 		Band-
width
(GB/s) 		Bus
width
(bit)

GeForce RTX
4050 Laptop[33][34][35] 		Feb 22, 2023 AD107
(GN21-X2) 		18.9 156[36] 2560
80:32:20:80 		20 12 1140–2370
(1605–2370) 		16 6 192 96 35–115 W
GeForce RTX
4060 Laptop[33][37][38] 		AD107
(GN21-X4) 		3072
96:32:24:96 		24 32 1140–2295
(1470–2370) 		8 256 128
GeForce RTX
4070 Laptop[33][39][40] 		AD106
(GN21-X6) 		22.9 186[36] 4608
144:48:36:144 		36 735–2070
(1230–2175)
GeForce RTX
4080 Laptop[33][41][42] 		Feb 8, 2023 AD104
(GN21-X9) 		35.8 294.5[36] 7424
232:80:58:232 		58 48 795–1860
(1350–2280) 		18 12 432 192 60–150 W
GeForce RTX
4090 Laptop[33][43][44] 		AD103
(GN21-X11) 		45.9 378.6[36] 9728
304:112:76:304 		76 64 930–1620
(1455–2040) 		16 576 256 80–150 W
  1. ^ In OpenCL 3.0, OpenCL 1.2 functionality has become a mandatory baseline, while all OpenCL 2.x and OpenCL 3.0 features were made optional.
  2. ^ a b Shader processors: texture mapping units: render output units: ray tracing cores: Tensor Cores
  3. ^ a b The number of Streaming multi-processors on the GPU.
  4. ^ a b Core boost values (if available) are stated below the base value inside brackets.
  5. ^ Pixel fillrate is calculated as the number of render output units (ROPs) multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
  6. ^ Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of texture mapping units (TMUs) multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.

Controversies edit

RTX 4080 12GB edit

When the 12GB variant of the RTX 4080 was announced, numerous publications, prominent YouTubers, reviewers, and the community criticized Nvidia for marketing it as an RTX 4080, given the equivalent performance of previous xx80-class cards when compared with other cards of the same series, and the large gap in specifications and performance compared to the 16GB variant.[45][46][47][48] The criticism focussed on Nvidia's naming scheme - two 4080 models were to be offered, an "RTX 4080 12GB" and an "RTX 4080 16GB" - the obvious interpretation was that the only difference between the two products would be a difference in VRAM capacity. However, unlike other examples of Nvidia GPUs with differing memory configurations within the same class which have typically been very close in processing performance, the RTX 4080 12GB uses a completely different processing unit and memory architecture: the 4080 12GB would use the AD104 chip, which features 27% fewer CUDA cores than the 16GB variant's AD103 chip. It would also have a reduced TDP (285W - the 16GB variant was configured to draw up to 320W), and a cut-down 192-bit memory bus. In prior generations (e.g. the GeForce 10, 20, 30 series), a 192-bit bus width had been reserved for xx60-class cards and below.[45] These changes made the card up to 30% slower than the RTX 4080 16GB in memory-agnostic performance, while being priced significantly higher than previous xx70-class cards ($900 vs. $500 for the RTX 3070, approximately 80% more expensive).

On October 14, 2022, Nvidia announced that due to the confusion caused by the naming scheme, it would be "unlaunching"—i.e. postponing the launch of—the RTX 4080 12GB, with the RTX 4080 16GB's launch remaining unaffected.[49][50]

On January 3, 2023, Nvidia reintroduced the RTX 4080 12GB as the RTX 4070 Ti during CES 2023 and reduced its list price by $100.[33] The 4070 Ti's production was stopped with the introduction of the 4070 Ti SUPER.[4]

12VHPWR connector failures edit

 
The Nvidia 12VHPWR adapter supplied with RTX 4090 cards

Some buyers of the Nvidia RTX 4090, the first GPU to use the new connector, reported that the connectors of their RTX 4090 were melting,[51] which sparked several theories to explain it. After investigation, several sources reported that the main cause was the 12VHPWR connector not being fully seated while being put under load that resulted in overheating of the connector's pins, which in turn caused the melting of the plastic housing.[52][53]

PCI-SIG, the standards organization responsible for the creation of the 12VHPWR connector, has decided to make changes to the connector's specifications following the failures.[54]

A class-action lawsuit has been filed against Nvidia over melting 12VHPWR cables which the lawsuit states is "a dangerous product that should not have been sold in its current state."[55] The plaintiff who brought the suit claims that Nvidia unjustly enriched itself, violated the product's warranty and engaged in fraud and they are demanding that Nvidia pay damages to affected customers as compensation.[56]

Following its own investigation and testing, Nvidia officially offered a statement on the melting connectors. They determined that the melting connectors are a cause of user error from not inserting the 12VHPWR connector properly, causing partial contact. They have offered an expedited RMA process for any RTX 4090 affected by the melting connectors.[57][58][59] PCI-SIG later said in a statement that Nvidia and their partners were still responsible for testing their products to account for user error.[60]

US Export restrictions on the RTX 4090 edit

The United States Department of Commerce began enacting restrictions on the Nvidia RTX 4090 for export to certain countries in 2023.[61][62][63] This was targeted mainly towards China as an attempt to halt its AI development. However as a result of this, the market price of the RTX 4090 rose by 25% as China began to stockpile 4090s.[64] This led to Nvidia releasing a China specific model of the RTX 4090 called the RTX 4090D (D standing for "Dragon").[65] The RTX 4090D features a shaved down AD102 die with 14592 CUDA cores, down from 16384 cores of the original 4090.[66]

The restrictions began on November 17th, 2023, effectively banning the RTX 4090 from China and other countries on the export restricted list.[61]

Reception edit

RTX 4090 edit

 
RTX 4090 Founders Edition in its packaging
 
RTX 4090 Founders Edition PCB

Upon release, the RTX 4090's performance received praise from reviewers with Tom's Hardware saying "it now ranks among the best graphics cards".[67] A review by PC Gamer gave it 83/100, calling it "a hell of an introduction to the sort of extreme performance Ada can deliver when given a long leash".[68] Tom Warren in a review for The Verge said that the RTX 4090 is "a beast of a graphics card that marks a new era for PC gaming".[69] John Loeffler from GamesRadar wrote that the RTX 4090 offers "an incredible gen-on-gen performance improvement over the RTX 3090", "even putting the Nvidia GeForce RTX 3090 Ti to shame" and being "too powerful for a lot of gamers to really take advantage of."[70] German online magazine golem.de described the RTX 4090 as the first GPU capable of native 4K gaming with ray tracing, as with the predecessor "one often preferred to forego ray tracing in favor of native resolution, especially in 4K."[71] Aside from gaming performance, PCWorld's review highlighted the RTX 4090's benefits for content creators and streamers with its 24GB VRAM and AV1 encoding ability and was positive towards the Founders Edition's quiet operation and cooling ability.[72]

However, it also received criticism for its value proposition given that it begins at $1,599.[69] Analysis by TechSpot found that the RTX 4090's value at 1440p was worse than the RTX 3090 Ti and that the RTX 4090 did not make much sense for 1440p as it was limited by CPU bottlenecks.[73] Power consumption was another point of criticism for the RTX 4090.[73] The RTX 4090 has a TDP of 450W compared to the 350W of its last generation equivalent. However, Jarred Walton of Tom's Hardware noted that the RTX 4090 has the same 450W TDP as the RTX 3090 Ti while delivering much higher performance with that power consumption.[67]

 
RTX 4090 die (AD102-300-A1)

Aftermarket AIB RTX 4090 variants received criticism in particular for their massive cooler sizes with some models being 4 PCIe slots tall. This made it difficult to fit an RTX 4090 into many mainstream PC cases.[74][75] YouTube reviewer JayzTwoCents showed an Asus ROG Strix RTX 4090 model being comparable in size to an entire PlayStation 5 console.[76] Another comparison showed Nvidia's RTX 4090 Founders Edition next to the Xbox Series X for size.[77] It was theorized that a reason for the massive coolers on some models is that the RTX 4090 was originally designed to have a TDP up to 600W before it was reduced to its official 450W TDP.[78]

RTX 4080 edit

 
An aftermarket AIB variant of the RTX 4090 (Asus ROG Strix) on the bottom, next to an RTX 3090 (Gigabyte Gaming OC) for size comparison

The RTX 4080 received more mixed reviews when compared to the RTX 4090. TechSpot gave the RTX 4080 score of 80/100.[79] Antony Leather of Forbes found that the RTX 4080 consistently performed better than the RTX 3090 Ti.[80] The GPU's power efficiency was positively received with Digital Trends finding that the GPU had an average power draw of 271W despite its rated 320W TDP.[81]

The RTX 4080's $1199 price received criticism for its dramatic increase from that of the RTX 3080. In his review for RockPaperShotgun, James Archer wrote that the RTX 4080 "produces sizeable gains on the RTX 3080, though they're not exactly proportional to the price rise".[82] In another critique, RockPaperShotgun highlighted that AIB models can significantly exceed the base $1199 Founders Edition price, creating further value considerations. The Asus ROG Strix AIB model they reviewed came in at $1550 which is $50 less than the RTX 4090 Founders Edition.[82] Tom Warren of The Verge recommended waiting to see what AMD could deliver in performance and value with their RDNA 3 GPUs.[83] AMD's direct competitor, the Radeon RX 7900 XTX, comes in at $999 compared to the $1199 price of the RTX 4080.

The RTX 4080 received criticism for reusing the RTX 4090's massive 4-slot coolers which are not required to cool the RTX 4080's 320W TDP.[84][85] A smaller cooler would have been sufficient. The RTX 3080 and RTX 3080 Ti with their respective 320W and 350W TDPs maintained 2-slot coolers while the 320W RTX 4080 has a 3-slot cooler on the Founders Edition and 4-slots on many AIB models.[83]

It was reported that RTX 4080 sales were quite weak compared to the RTX 4090, which had shockingly sold out during its launch a month earlier.[86] The global cost of living crisis and the RTX 4080's generational pricing increase have been suggested as major contributing factors for poor sales numbers.[87]

RTX 4070 Ti edit

Following its relaunch as the RTX 4070 Ti, the GPU received mixed reviews. While its good thermal, 1080p, and 1440p performance were praised, its 4K performance is considered weak for the high $800 price tag.

Jacob Roach from Digital Trends gave the RTX 4070 Ti a 6/10, criticizing the lower memory bandwidth compared to the RTX 4080, its worse 4K performance, and the lack of a Founder's Edition model, with fears that the board partner cards would sell for over the $800 price tag, although he did praise the thermal performance and efficiency of his unit.[88]

Michael Justin Allen Sexton from PCMag reviewed the ZOTAC RTX 4070 Ti Amp Extreme Airo model, giving it a 3.5/5, criticizing the large size of the card and it being only $100 less than AMD's direct competitor, the Radeon RX 7900 XT, which comes in at $899 compared to the $799 price of the RTX 4070 Ti.[89]

It was reported that RTX 4070 Ti sales were quite weak, similar to the RTX 4080 at launch.[90]

RTX 4070 edit

At launch, Jacob Roach from Digital Trends gave the RTX 4070 a 4.5/5, praising its efficiency, the fact the Founder's Edition only took up two slots, and its good GPU performance at 1440p.[91] However, following the launch of the AMD Radeon RX 7800 XT, AMD's direct competitor to the RTX 4070, Monica J. White from Digital Trends compared the latter to the RTX 4070, and said she would recommend the 7800 XT over the RTX 4070 because of better rasterization performance at 1440p, the fact that the 7800 XT had 16GB of VRAM compared to 12GB on the RTX 4070, and that the 7800 XT had a $100 cheaper price.[92]

After the launch of AMD's Radeon RX 7800 XT, the direct competitor to the RTX 4070, which was released on September 6, 2023, the price of some RTX 4070 cards was lowered to $550 and the official MSRP was lowered to $550 following the launch of the SUPER series.[93][94]

RTX 4060 Ti (8 GB & 16 GB) edit

The RTX 4060 Ti 8GB released in late May 2023. Many reviewers and customers denounced Nvidia for the lack of appropriate video memory for the release of the card, pointing that the RTX 3060 of the previous generation was released with 12GB of VRAM. Furthermore, many reviews mentioned that an 8GB card was simply not enough for modern standards, for example Digital Trends saying "It makes sense for the upcoming RTX 4060, which is launching in July with 8GB of VRAM for $300, but not for the $400 RTX 4060 Ti. At this price and performance, it should have 16GB of memory, or at the very least, a larger bus size."[95] A few weeks later, prompted by consumers backlash, Nvidia announced they would release the RTX 4060 Ti 16GB in July 2023.

Despite that, the release of the 16GB variant itself was met with suspicion. Nvidia did not send samples for review, including to big names such as Gamers Nexus, Hardware Unboxed, and Linus Tech Tips. It was also later found out that AIBs were also prevented, presumably by Nvidia, to be allowed to give cards out for reviews. According to Gamesradar: "Coming in at $499, the Nvidia RTX 4060 Ti 16GB is arguably a hard sell. Normally, we’d test whether the GPU offers bang for buck, but it looks like reviews aren’t going to be a thing. In a way, that sort of makes sense, as it should perform fairly similarly to the existing 8GB model, with the added benefit of more VRAM."[96]

YouTube reviewers Hardware Unboxed criticized both models of the RTX 4060 Ti, calling the 8GB of VRAM model "laughably bad at $400" and "frankly, we don't even need to test the RTX 4060 Ti 8GB to tell you it's a disgustingly poor value product...". They criticized its 8GB of VRAM, which led to poor 1% low frame rates at 1080p and unusable 1% low frame rates at 1440p in games such as The Last of Us Part I and The Callisto Protocol both using the ultra quality preset. A Plague Tale: Requiem was also unusable at 1080p not only using the ultra quality preset with ray tracing enabled, but using the high quality preset with ray tracing enabled as it suffered similar unusable 1% low performance. While Halo Infinite and Forspoken did not have poor 1% low performance at 1080p, they instead sometimes failed to load textures with the 8GB RTX 4060 Ti due to a lack of VRAM.[97] These were not an issue with the 16GB RTX 4060 Ti, however, the 16GB RTX 4060 Ti was criticized for costing $500 to "fix" the issues with running out of VRAM, which was $100 more than the 8GB RTX 4060 Ti for otherwise identical performance outside of VRAM limitations.[98]

RTX 4060 edit

 
RTX 4060 low-profile

Jacob Roach from Digital Trends gave the RTX 4060 a 3/5, criticizing the poor performance of the GPU for the price, its low 8GB of VRAM capacity, the slow memory interface, and its performance at 1440p, although its efficiency was praised. He stated: "In the past, the RTX 4060 would have been classified as a workhorse GPU... The RTX 4060 falls short of filling that post, offering solid generational improvements but middling competitive performance, and relying on DLSS 3 and ray tracing to find its value."[99]

See also edit

References edit

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  2. ^ "GeForce RTX 40 Series Laptops". Nvidia.
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  4. ^ a b Schilling, Andreas (January 8, 2024). "Dreimal Super: NVIDIA stellt aktualisierte GeForce-Modelle vor". Hardwareluxx (in German). Retrieved January 9, 2024.
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External links edit

  • Official website
  • Nvidia GeForce RTX 40 series' announcement
  • NVIDIA ADA GPU ARCHITECTURE whitepaper
  •   Media related to Nvidia GeForce 40 series video cards at Wikimedia Commons

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