Summary
Gorm is a natural gas and oilfield in the Danish Sector of North Sea. It was discovered in 1971 and is the largest oilfield exploited by Denmark.[1] The production infrastructure consists of five bridge-linked platforms[2] and is operated by BlueNord. The facilities include two wellhead platforms and several processing platforms. The Rolf and Dagmar fields are satellites to Gorm.
| Gorm | |
|---|---|
  | |
| Country | Denmark |
| Region | North Sea |
| Block | 5504/15 5504/16 |
| Offshore/onshore | Offshore |
| Coordinates | 55°34′N 4°47′E / 55.567°N 4.783°E |
| Operator | TotalEnergies |
| Field history | |
| Discovery | 1971 |
| Start of production | 1981 |
| Production | |
| Producing formations | Danian and Upper Cretaceous chalk |
Reservoir edit
The reservoir properties of the Gorm field are as shown.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Block | 5504/16 |
| Production horizon | Upper cretaceous Danian chalk |
| Field delineation, km2 | 63 |
| Reservoir depth, feet | 6,600 to 7,200 |
| Hydrocarbon column, feet | 500 |
| Density °API | 33.5 |
| Gas / oil ratio | 1789 |
| Sulphur content % | 0.2 |
| Porosity % | 27-35 |
| Total reserves oil, million barrels | 110-600 |
| Total reserves gas, billion cubic feet | 353 |
Infrastructure edit
Installations edit
The installations developed for the Gorm field were as follows. The water depth at the site is 39 metres.[3]
| Platforms | Coordinates | Function | Type | Legs | Substructure weight, t | Topsides weight, t | Well slots | Installed | Production start | Production to |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gorm A | 55.579105N
4.757856E |
Drilling & wellhead | Steel jacket | 4 | 1080 | 1100 | 9 | September 1979 | May 1981 | Gorm C |
| Gorm B | 55.578531N
4.757625E |
Drilling & wellhead | Steel jacket | 4 | 1080 | 945 | 9 | December 1979 | March 1982 | Gorm C |
| Gorm C | 55.579641N
4.758695E |
Processing & accommodation (97 beds) | Steel jacket | 8 | 3500 | 10,200 | – | July 1980 | May 1981 | Gorm E |
| Gorm D | 55.579041N
4.750050E |
Flare tower | Steel jacket | 3 | 750 | 220 | – | February 1981 | – | |
| Gorm E (owned by DONG oil pipe A/S) | 55.580749N
4.759857E |
Riser and pumping | Steel jacket | 4 | 1634 | 3900 | – | April May 1982 | Gas to Tyra (14 inch pipeline), condensate to onshore (20 inch pipeline) | |
| Gorm F | 55.578398N
4.757050E |
Well head, processing | Steel jacket | 2000 | 11000 | 1991 |
In 2014 there were 32 oil production wells, one gas injection well, and 14 water injection wells.[4]
Pipelines edit
A number of pipelines transport fluids to and from the Gorm field. The Skjold, Rolf and Dagmar fields are satellites of Gorn
| From | To | Fluid | Length, km | Diameter, inches | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Skjold B | Gorm F | Oil, gas & water | 12 | 12 | |
| Skjold A | Gorm A | Oil, gas & water | 11 | 12 | |
| Rolf | Gorm E | Oil, gas & water | 17 | 8 | |
| Dagmar | Gorm F | Oil, gas & water | 9 | 8 | |
| Gorm E | Rolf | Gas | 17 | 3 | |
| Gorm F | Skjold A | Injection water | 12 | 12 | |
| Gorm D | Skjold A | Gas | 11 | 6 | |
| Gorm E | Tyra E | Gas | 16 | 18 | |
| Gorm E | Fredericia shore terminal | Oil | 330 | 20 | Capacity = 270,000 barrels per day |
| Gorm E | CALM (see note) | Oil | 12 | Decommissioned | |
| Gorm E | CALM | Oil | 12 | Decommissioned |
Note. CALM = Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring; buoys used to load ships with oil before the export pipeline was available.
Production edit
The original design production rate for the process facilities on Gorm C was 60,000 barrels of oil per day (bopd). The design gas injection rate was 84 mmscfd (million standard cubic feet per day). The pumping platform Gorm C had a design throughput of 90,000 bopd.[3]
The production strategy is to maintain reservoir pressure through water injection.[4]
The production data for the Gorm field is shown in the following table. Production and injection numbers are cumulative rates up to 1 January 2014. About 400 barrels per day (64 m3/d) of crude oil from the nearby Rolf oil field are processed on the Gorm platforms.[6]
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Oil production wells | 32 |
| Gas injection wells | 1 |
| Water injection wells | 14 |
| Oil production, million m3 | 60.79 |
| Gas production, billion Nm3 | 15.74 |
| Produced water, million m3 | 80.35 |
| Water injection, million m3 | 137.83 |
| Gas injection, billion Nm3 | 8.16 |
| Oil reserves, million m3 | 3.0 |
| Gas reserved, billion Nm3 | 0.3 |
In 2014 the annual production was 6.3 million barrels of oil and 3,677 million standard cubic feet of gas (104 million m3 gas).[5]
Incidents edit
Dagmar and Rolf fields edit
The Dagmar and Rolf fields are satellites to the Gorm installations. The characteristics of the fields are as follows.
| Field | Dagmar | Rolf |
| Prospect | East Rosa | Mid Rosa |
| Reservoir | Chalk and Dolomite | Chalk |
| Geological age | Danian, Upper Cretaceous and Zechstein | Danian and Upper Cretaceous |
| Coordinates | 55.576474°N 4.618248°E | 55.605986°N 4.491481°E |
| Block | 5504/15 | 5504/14 & 15 |
| Reservoir depth | 1,400 m | 1,800 m |
| Field delineation | 50 km2 | 22 km2 |
| Reserves | ||
| Discovered | 1983 | 1981 |
The fields are developed through two offshore installations as shown.
| Field | Dagmar | Rolf |
| Production start | 1991 | 1986 |
| Water depth | 34 m | 40 m |
| Installation | Fixed steel no helideck | Fixed steel |
| Function | Wellheads no processing | Wellheads no processing |
| Substructure weight tonnes | 500 | 1,400 |
| Topsides weight tonnes | 532 | 1,900 |
| Number of wells | 2 | 3 |
| Status | Shut in 2006 & 2007 | Producing (2022) |
| Export, well fluids | 9 km 8-inch pipeline to Gorm F | 17 km 8-inch pipeline to Gorm E |
| Import, lift gas | - | 17 km 3-inch pipeline from Gorm E |
The oil production profile of the Dagmar and Rolf fields (in 1000 cubic metres) is as shown.
| Year | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 |
| Rolf | 469 | 634 | 396 | 395 | 271 | 293 | 304 | 176 | 100 | 130 | 113 | 96 | 92 | 77 | 83 | 51 | 51 | 104 | 107 |
| Dagmar | 475 | 305 | 67 | 33 | 35 | 23 | 17 | 13 | 10 | 8 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 2 |
| Year | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | Total |
| Rolf | 79 | 89 | 103 | 78 | 76 | 60 | 1 | 78 | 75 | 54 | 47 | 58 | 45 | 45 | 48 | 4876 | |||
| Dagmar | 0 | 0 | 1005 |
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Glennie, K. W. (1998). Petroleum geology of the North Sea: basic concepts and recent advances. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 30, 343. ISBN 978-0-632-03845-9.
- ^ "The Gorm Centre". Danish Energy Agency. Archived from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2011-03-15.
- ^ a b c Oilfield Publications Limited (1985). The North Sea Platform Guide. Ledbury: Oilfield Publications Limited. pp. 264–75.
- ^ a b c d e Danish Energy Agency (2024). "Oil and gas in Denmark 2013" (PDF).
- ^ a b c d "Non-Technical Summary (NTS) of the Environmental and Social Impact Statement (ESIS) for the GORM project" (PDF). Retrieved 5 November 2023.
- ^ a b "Update: Oil observed in the Danish North Sea near Maersk Oil platforms". Maersk Oil. 2 March 2011. Archived from the original on 5 March 2011.
- ^ "Oil spotted on Danish North Sea Surface. Maersk halts Production from Rolf Platform". OffshoreEnergyToday.com. 2 March 2011.
- ^ a b Danish Energy Agency (15 August 2016). "Oil production monthly and yearly". Retrieved 17 November 2023.
External links edit
- The Gorm Centre. Danish Energy Agency