Summary
The Grail, also Ladies of the Grail, is a Catholic community of about a thousand women from 24 countries, representing many different cultures, backgrounds, and work situations.
History edit
The Grail was started in 1921 as the Women of Nazareth by Fr. Jacques van Ginneken, a Dutch Jesuit. He felt that many new possibilities were opening up for women and that a group of lay women, unconfined by convent walls and rules, could make an immense contribution to the transformation of the world. By 1939, the Grail had become a colourful movement involving thousands of young women in the Netherlands, United Kingdom, and Germany, challenging them to deep personal and spiritual commitment. Pioneers in Catholic feminist theology, the Grail in the USA voted in 1969 to admit women of other Christian denominations, and in 1975, to accept Jewish women as members.[1]
The Grail was started in Australia in 1936,[2] the United States in 1940, New Zealand in the late 1930s, Brazil and South Africa in 1951, Uganda in 1953, Portugal in 1958, and subsequently in Tanzania, Ghana, Nigeria, Italy, Mexico, Canada, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Mozambique, Kenya, and Sweden. Grail members are also working in Belgium, Belize, Cape Verde, Egypt, France, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Malaysia, Switzerland, Ecuador, and Zimbabwe. Its United States headquarters, known as Grailville, is located in Loveland, Ohio.
Significant members edit
Anne Hope, a South African activist who worked closely with Steve Biko.[3]
Ecclesiastical status edit
In England, the Grail has the status of a secular institute within the Catholic Church, an association of lay people making a permanent commitment to a particular form of Christian life.[4]
References edit
- ^ "History of the Grail in the U.S." Website grail-us.org. The Grail in the USA. Retrieved February 26, 2013.
- ^ A. Healey, The Grail in Australia: An international women’s movement and the Australian Church, Journal of the Australian Catholic Historical Society 31/2 (2010/11) Archived 2017-02-15 at the Wayback Machine, 27-38.
- ^ [Anne Hope: The Struggle for Freedom by Stephanie Kilroe, Daton, Longman and Todd, London, 2019]
- ^ "The Grail Secular Institute". National Conference of Secular Institutes (England).
Further reading edit
- Brown, Alden V. (1983). "The Grail Movement to 1962: Laywomen and a New Christendom". U.S. Catholic Historian. 3 (3): 149–166. JSTOR 25153695.
- Campbell, Debra (1993). "Both Sides Now: Another Look at the Grail in the Postwar Era". U.S. Catholic Historian. 11 (4): 13–27. JSTOR 25153695.
- Reid, Elizabeth Julia ( 1961). I Belong where I am Needed. Link to Internet archive
- DeFerrari, Patricia (1998). "Collaborating in Christ's Redeeming Work: The U.S. Grail and Social Reform in the 1950s." US Catholic Historian. 16 (4):109-126.
- Kalven, Janet. Women Breaking Boundaries: a Grail Journey. ISBN 0-585-28321-4
External links edit
- Official international website of The Grail
- "Grailville The Early Decades" YouTube video by YouTube user TheGrailintheUSA