Summary
Grand Lake (officially Municipality of Grand Lake)[1] is an incorporated village, straddling the boundary of Sunbury County and Queens County, New Brunswick, Canada. It was formed through the 2023 New Brunswick local governance reforms by amalgamating the villages of Chipman and Minto, and certain previously unincorporated areas of Northfield Parish, Canning Parish, Sheffield Parish, and Harcourt Parish, contiguous to the area.[1] The municipality is divided into four wards.[1]
Grand Lake | |
|---|---|
Village | |
| Municipality of Grand Lake[1] | |
 Minto Museum and Veterans Park 2013, Grand Lake, New Brunswick | |
  Grand Lake Location within New Brunswick  Grand Lake Grand Lake (Canada) | |
| Coordinates: 46°10′12″N 65°57′36″W / 46.17000°N 65.96000°W | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | New Brunswick |
| County | Queens |
| Regional service commission | Capital Region |
| Incorporated | January 1, 2023 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Village council |
| • Mayor | Kevin Nicklin |
| Time zone | UTC-4 (AST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-3 (ADT) |
| Area code | 506 |
History edit
Grand Lake was incorporated on January 1, 2023 via the amalgamation of the former villages of Minto and Chipman as well as the concurrent annexation of adjacent unincorporated areas.[1]
Coal Mining Industry edit
-
The memorial stone of five who died in an abandoned mine shaft in 1932, Grand Lake, New Brunswick, Canada. -
The inscription (1982) on the Minto Memorial Stone.
The Grand Lake Coal Mining industry began in the 1630's when French settlers, called Acadians, learned about surface deposits of coal in the Coal Creek area now called Chipman, NB. The French used coal in their fort at the mouth of the Saint John river and in 1639 began selling coal to the British colony in the area now known as Boston, USA. This commercial trade in coal has been recognized as a National Historic Event and the First Export of Coal in America, by the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Parks Canada.The need of transporting coal brought the railway to Grand Lake, and was to make the area "the most prosperous place in Canada." The New Brunswick Central Railway opened a railroad from Saint John to Chipman in 1889, and in 1904[2] the railroad was extended to Minto. The rails were extended to Fredericton in 1913,
Although the railroad lines through Minto have since been removed, the railroad station continues on as a local museum/gift & flowers shop. By the end of 2010, coal mining in Minto ended when the last coal mining company, NB Coal Ltd, closed.
During the early years of the Great Depression, the New Brunswick Electric Power Commission built the province's first thermal generating station at Newcastle Creek on the shores of Grand Lake. Opened in 1931, the Grand Lake Generating Station accessed coal from nearby deposits. NB Power closed the Grand Lake Station when its operating license expired in June 2010.[3] As the Station has been NB Coal’s only customer since 2000, NB Coal closed in December 2009. On April 19, 2012 the Grand Lake Generating Station was demolished,[4] and by this time all coal mining in New Brunswick had ended.
World War II internment camp edit
During the Second World War, the largest internment camp in eastern Canada was located in the hamlet of Ripples. Originally it housed German and Austrian Jews who had fled the Nazis to England.[5] Some youths later became notable, including theologian Gregory Baum, chemist Ernest Eliel and physicist Walter Kohn.[6] Later after these Jewish refugees had been released into Canadian life, it became a prison for German prisoners of war,[5] as well as some sympathizers such as Canadian fascist Adrien Arcand. Its most notable prisoner at this time was the anti-conscriptionist mayor of Montreal, Camillien Houde.[7]
This internment camp is now a protected site, because it is in a Game Reserve created after the war. The only structure remaining at the site is the base of a water-tower where a plaque stands, visible from the highway. A walking trail leads into the forest where a few ruins of the camp and posted signs describing the area may be found. There is a small museum dedicated to the camp located on the basement level of Grand Lake's municipal building, at 420 Pleasant Drive, Minto.[5][8]
Climate edit
| Climate data for Grand Lake | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 13.9 (57.0) |
15.6 (60.1) |
18.0 (64.4) |
29.0 (84.2) |
35.0 (95.0) |
35.0 (95.0) |
35.6 (96.1) |
35.0 (95.0) |
34.4 (93.9) |
27.8 (82.0) |
23.3 (73.9) |
15.0 (59.0) |
35.6 (96.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −3.3 (26.1) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
3.0 (37.4) |
9.1 (48.4) |
16.5 (61.7) |
22.3 (72.1) |
25.2 (77.4) |
24.3 (75.7) |
19.3 (66.7) |
13.0 (55.4) |
6.3 (43.3) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
11.0 (51.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −8.9 (16.0) |
−8.1 (17.4) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
4.1 (39.4) |
10.7 (51.3) |
16.4 (61.5) |
19.6 (67.3) |
18.7 (65.7) |
13.8 (56.8) |
8.1 (46.6) |
2.3 (36.1) |
−5.7 (21.7) |
5.7 (42.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −14.6 (5.7) |
−14.2 (6.4) |
−7.9 (17.8) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
4.8 (40.6) |
10.3 (50.5) |
14.0 (57.2) |
13.1 (55.6) |
8.3 (46.9) |
3.2 (37.8) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
−10.8 (12.6) |
0.3 (32.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −40.0 (−40.0) |
−39.4 (−38.9) |
−31.0 (−23.8) |
−17.0 (1.4) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
−3.5 (25.7) |
3.3 (37.9) |
2.5 (36.5) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
−10.0 (14.0) |
−18.5 (−1.3) |
−33.3 (−27.9) |
−40.0 (−40.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 82.0 (3.23) |
72.7 (2.86) |
69.4 (2.73) |
72.9 (2.87) |
85.8 (3.38) |
80.0 (3.15) |
83.7 (3.30) |
81.6 (3.21) |
87.0 (3.43) |
90.5 (3.56) |
97.6 (3.84) |
108.4 (4.27) |
1,011.5 (39.82) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 27.6 (1.09) |
26.2 (1.03) |
34.7 (1.37) |
56.5 (2.22) |
85.4 (3.36) |
80.0 (3.15) |
83.7 (3.30) |
81.6 (3.21) |
87.0 (3.43) |
90.3 (3.56) |
85.0 (3.35) |
51.3 (2.02) |
789.3 (31.07) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 52.1 (20.5) |
45.4 (17.9) |
34.9 (13.7) |
16.6 (6.5) |
0.5 (0.2) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.6 (0.2) |
12.0 (4.7) |
55.9 (22.0) |
218.0 (85.8) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 9 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 117 |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 3 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 94 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 6 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 25 |
| Source: Environment Canada[9] | |||||||||||||
Recreational activities edit
Although Grand Lake is a wide-spread community, there are recreational activities that take place year-round. It has the Minto Centennial Arena and the Chipman Arena,[10][11] lighted and unlighted ball parks, family parks, nature trails, mountain bike trails,[12] and hunting and fishing resources.
Each year there are two festivals in Grand Lake. In summer the Minto Coal Mining Festival[13]) is celebrated in June–July,[14] first run in 1972.[13] The Santa Claus Parade and Tree Lighting Ceremony[15] is celebrated in November–December, with the first annual parade held in 2010.
Once a year mountain bike racers[16] descend on the village of Grand Lake for a race[17] known as 'The Coal Miner's Lung'.[18][19][20] The endurance races covers 20 km, 40 km or 60 km of Grand Lake single track.
Education edit
There are four schools in Grand Lake: Minto Elementary and Middle School, Minto Memorial High School, Chipman Elementary School and Chipman Forest Avenue High School. All schools offer extracurricular activities including sports clubs, destination conservation, peer helpers and student government. While Minto Elementary and Middle School is a newer building, Minto High has required some updates since the school was founded in 1939; the gym on the main floor has recently been renovated into a theatre (which MEMS has) and got a new gym located in the basement along with a shop room. In 2011 the New Brunswick Community College (NBCC) Fredericton campus established a satellite campus[21] the Minto Regional Delivery Site.[22]
Notable people edit
- Elizabeth Brewster, CM SOM (1922–2012) was a poet, author, and academic.
- Marjorie Taylor Morell (1918-2004), author of Of Mines and Men; 1995 recipient of United Nations Community Service Award
See also edit
References edit
- ^ a b c d e "Local Governments Establishment Regulation – Local Governance Act". Government of New Brunswick. August 30, 2022. Retrieved January 15, 2023.
- ^ "A Dangerous Piece of Legislation.", St. John Daily Sun N.B., April 14, 1905 p.6, accessed August 5, 2011.
- ^ "NB Power pulls plug on Grand Lake station". CBC.ca. September 29, 2009. Retrieved October 25, 2009.
- ^ "Grand Lake Generating Station - Demolition of the Smoke Stack", Geotechnical Technician exp Services Inc., April 19, 2012, accessed January 22, 2014.
- ^ a b c "Remnants of Second World War internment camp remain in rural N.B.", CTV News Atlantic, October 30, 2013, accessed April 15, 2014.
- ^ Jones, Ted Both sides of the wire: the Fredericton Internment Camp (Volume 1, New Ireland Press 1988) ISBN 0920483216
- ^ Jones, Ted Both sides of the wire: the Fredericton Internment Camp (Volume 2, New Ireland Press 1988) ISBN 0920483259
- ^ "New Brunswick Internment Camp Museum", accessed April 15, 2014.
- ^ "Minto, New Brunswick". Canadian Climate Normals 1961–1990. Environment Canada. Retrieved March 24, 2015.
- ^ "Federal and Provincial Governments Invest Stimulus Funds in Upgrades for Minto's Centennial Arena", Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency, August 12, 2009. Retrieved December 10, 2011. Michael Allen is a 20-year-old $100,000 winner of the Atlantic Lottery 649 as of October 21, 2011.
- ^ "Minto Centennial Arena Ice Skating Rink", Rinktime.com, accessed December 10, 2011.
- ^ Village of Minto Mountain Bike Trails
- ^ a b "Minto Coal Mining Festival" Archived 2012-04-05 at the Wayback Machine, Village of Minto, accessed December 10, 2011.
- ^ "Come Celebrate With Us!" Archived 2011-08-27 at the Wayback Machine, 2011 Festival Schedule. Retrieved December 11, 2011.
- ^ "Village of Minto Minutes" Archived 2011-08-27 at the Wayback Machine, November 9, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2011.
- ^ "Mountain Bike Minto". Mountain Bike Minto. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
- ^ "Coal Miner's Lung MTB Race". River Valley Cycling. June 2, 2016. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
- ^ "From 'mud dumps' to top-notch trails: How the Minto coal mines were transformed | CBC News". CBC. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
- ^ "The Daily Gleaner". www.telegraphjournal.com. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
- ^ "Coal Miner's Lung celebrates Minto's move from mines to mountain bikes - Canadian Cycling Magazine". Canadian Cycling Magazine. June 23, 2018. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
- ^ "NBCC expanding to Minto (10/03/11)", March 11, 2010. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
- ^ "NBCC Annual Report 2010-2011", March 11, 2010 p.10. Retrieved January 22, 2014.