Summary
Group Health Cooperative, formerly known as Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, later more commonly known as Group Health, was an American nonprofit healthcare organization based in Seattle, Washington.[1] It was acquired by Kaiser Permanente in 2017 and now serves as the Kaiser Washington region.[2] The new region would serve the majority of Washington state except for the Southwest Washington counties of Clark and Cowlitz, which would continue to be served by the Portland-area Kaiser Permanente Northwest.[3]
 | |
| Company type | Nonprofit |
|---|---|
| Industry | Healthcare |
| Founded | December 22, 1945 |
| Founders | Thomas G. Bevan, Ella Willams, Addison Shoudy, R.M Mitchell, and Stanley Erickson |
| Defunct | February 1, 2017 |
| Headquarters | United States  |
| Website | www |
Business model edit
Established in 1945, Group Health provided coverage and care for about 600,000[4] people in Washington and Idaho.
Corporate structure edit
Despite being marketed as a cooperative for much of the organization's history, Group Health never legally presented itself as a cooperative. It was a nonprofit organization with members. Members were always able to amend bylaws and elect a board of trustees, but never owned organization assets or directly controlled operations.[5]: 14
Group Health Community Foundation (GHCF) was funded with the acquisition of Group Health by Kaiser Permanente in 2017 with approximately $1.8 billion in assets.[6] Founded in 1983, the new GHCF is entirely independent of Kaiser Permanente. GHCF may continue to invest in efforts to improve health and health care through immunizations, innovation, and patient care.[7]
History edit
Group Health was officially registered as a corporation in Washington on December 22, 1945.[8] Group Health's founders included Thomas G. Bevan, then president of lodge 751 of the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers at Boeing; Ella Willams, a leader in a local chapter of The National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry; Addison Shoudy, R.M Mitchell, and Stanley Erickson, who were pioneers in the American cooperative movement; and other community members who had no strong past affiliation with any particular social group.[5]: 14
Originally named Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, the "of Puget Sound" was dropped in 1995.[9]
The Seattle Times noted in 2012 that non-profit insurance companies, including Premera Blue Cross, Regence BlueShield, and Group Health, were stockpiling billions of dollars in reserves while increasing their rates at the same time.[10]
On December 4, 2015, it was announced that Group Health would be acquired by Kaiser Permanente.[2] In January 2017 Washington State regulators endorsed the acquisition of Group Health by Kaiser Permanente. The acquisition resulted in a newly formed not-for-profit 501(c)(4) under the name Group Health Community Foundation (GHCF).[11]
Group Health Research Institute edit
Group Health's research leg was the Group Health Research Institute (GHRI), formerly known as Group Health Center for Health Studies. Now known as Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (KPWHRI), it works with institutions such as the University of Washington and the National Institutes of Health. It is a member of the Health Care Systems Research Network (HCSRN), formerly known as the HMO Research Network.[12]
Group Health Cooperative Medical Library edit
Group Health Cooperative Medical Library was founded in 1969. As of 2011 it subscribed to 8,000 electronic journals and had 400 books. It specializes in allied health professions, medicine, health maintenance organizations, health administration, nursing, and pharmacy.[13]
Notable staff edit
Scott Armstrong became president and CEO of Group Health in 2003. He is a commissioner of the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission, board chair of the Alliance of Community Health Plans, a board member of America's Health Insurance Plans and the Pacific Science Center, a member of the Community Development Roundtable in Seattle, and a fellow of the American College of Healthcare Executives. He was named among the top 40 of the "100 Most Powerful People in Healthcare" in 2010 by Modern Healthcare magazine.[citation needed]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Larson EB (October 22, 2009). "Group Health Cooperative — One Coverage-and-Delivery Model for Accountable Care". N Engl J Med. 361 (17): 1620–2. doi:10.1056/NEJMp0909021. PMID 19846846.
- ^ a b Evans, Melanie (December 4, 2015). "Kaiser Permanente to acquire Group Health Cooperative". Modern Healthcare.
- ^ "Kaiser Washington State county map" (PDF).
- ^ "Group Health Cooperative - About Us". ghc.org. Archived from the original on August 25, 2016.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ a b Crowley, Walt; HistoryLink (2007). Group Health Timeline. Seattle: HistoryLink. ISBN 978-0-9788302-1-2.
- ^ "Governance and Participation Group Health and Kaiser Permanente" (PDF). Group Health is now Kaiser Permanente. January 13, 2017.
- ^ "Introducing Group Health Community Foundation". Group Health Community Foundation. 2017.
- ^ Crowley, Walt (1996). To Serve the Greatest Number. Seattle: University of Washington Press. ISBN 0-295-97587-3.
- ^ "Kaiser Permanente and Group Health Cooperative: Working together since 1950". Kaiser Permanente. March 22, 2017. Retrieved September 5, 2023.
- ^ Ostrom, Carol M. (February 8, 2012). "3 Big Health Insurers Stockpile $2.4 Billion As Rates Keep Rising". The Seattle Times.
- ^ "State regulators endorse Kaiser acquisition of Group Health". Seattle Times. January 3, 2017.
- ^ Vogt, Thomas M.; Lafata, Jennifer Elston; Tolsma, Dennis D.; Greene, Sarah M. (2004). "The Role of Research in Integrated Health Care Systems: The HMO Research Network". The Permanente Journal. 8 (4): 10–17. doi:10.7812/TPP/04.906 (inactive January 31, 2024). ISSN 1552-5767. PMC 4690686. PMID 26705313.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2024 (link) - ^ American Library Directory. Vol. 2 (64th ed.). Information Today, Inc. 2011–2012. pp. 2568–2576. ISBN 978-1-57387-411-3.
Bibliography edit
- Walt Crowley, To Serve the Greatest Number, University of Washington Press, 1996. The most thorough history published.
- Walt Crowley and HistoryLink, Group Health Timeline, HistoryLink, 2007. An update and summary of To Serve the Greatest Number.
- Saunders, K. W.; Davis, R. L.; Stergachis, A. (2000). "Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound". Pharmacoepidemiology. p. 247. doi:10.1002/0470842555.ch15. ISBN 0471899259.
- Kuttner, Robert (1998). "Must Good HMOs Go Bad? — The Commercialization of Prepaid Group Health Care". New England Journal of Medicine. 338 (May 21): 1558–1563. doi:10.1056/NEJM199805213382123. PMID 9599120.
- Thompson, Robert S. (1996). "What have HMOs learned about clinical prevention services? An examination of the experience at Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound". The Milbank Quarterly. 74 (4): 469–. doi:10.2307/3350390. JSTOR 3350390. PMID 8941259.
External links edit
- Official website