Summary
Guess Who? (Hebrew: נחש מי?) is a two-player board game in which players each guess the identity of the other's chosen character. The game was developed by Israeli game inventors Ora and Theo Coster, the founders of Theora Design. It was first released in Dutch in 1979 under the name Wie is het? Milton Bradley then produced the game in the United Kingdom, and it was brought to the United States in 1982.[1] It is now owned by Hasbro.
 | |
| Designers | Theo Coster Ora Coster Theora Design |
|---|---|
| Illustrators | Theora Design |
| Publishers | Milton Bradley |
| Publication | 1979 |
| Years active | 1979–present |
| Genres | Board game |
| Languages | English |
| Players | 2 |
| Playing time | 20' |
| Age range | 6+ |
Gameplay edit
Each player starts the game with a board that includes cartoon images of 24 people and their first names with all the images standing up. Each player selects a card of their choice from a separate pile of cards containing the same 24 images. The objective of the game is to be the first to determine which card one's opponent has selected. Players alternate asking various yes or no questions to eliminate some of the candidates, such as:
- "Does your person wear a hat?"
- "Does your person wear glasses?"
- "Is your person a man?"
The player will then eliminate candidates (based on the opponent's response) by flipping those images down until only one is left. Well-crafted questions allow players to eliminate one or more possible cards.
Editions edit
Special editions which have different faces have been released, including Star Wars, Marvel Comics and Disney. There are smaller, "travel" editions that have only 20 different faces. In 2008 and 2010, extra and mix and match games were released.[citation needed] A computer game based on the series was released in 1999 by Hasbro Interactive.
Advertising edit
In the United States, advertisements for the board game often showed the characters on the cards coming to life and making witty comments to each other. This caused later editions of such ads to carry the spoken disclaimer line "game cards do not actually talk" to meet Federal Trade Commission advertising guidelines requiring full disclosure of toy features unable to be replicated with the actual product.[2]
Strategy edit
Popular belief is that a binary search is the most efficient approach to the game, with which each question halves the number of possible identities.[3] This can be applied by asking complex questions - such as "Does your character have red hair, or glasses, or a big nose?" - where a yes or a no eliminates exactly half of the remaining characters.[4] Such a strategy takes only four questions to reduce the field to three people, giving the fifth question a 50/50 chance of identifying the opponent's character.
The game was strongly solved by Mihai Nica in 2016.[3] Nica's research found that while a player was ahead their optimal strategy was a binary search, and when behind they should instead make "bold plays" that had a chance of narrowing things down significantly, in order to pull ahead of the other player. Using this method, the first player has a 63% chance of winning under optimal play by both sides.
Criticism of lack of diversity edit
Modern commentators have noted a bias toward white and male characters in Guess Who. In 2012, a six-year-old girl wrote to Hasbro asking why there were only five female characters to choose from, against nineteen male. Hasbro's response noted that each characteristic in the game – such as wearing glasses, or having red hair[5] – was based on a numerical equation, and deliberately appeared exactly five times. The company wrote that the game was intended to "draw attention away from using gender or ethnicity as the focal point, and to concentrate on those things that we all have in common, rather than focus on our differences".[6]
In response to Hasbro's statement, the child's mother said that she thought identifying physical differences was "the whole point" of the game,[6] and asked "Why is female gender regarded as a 'characteristic', while male gender is not?"[7] The New Statesman criticized the "tone-deafness" of Hasbro's remarks.[5][8] Blogger Avital Norman Nathman suggested that the decision to include five women in the game may not have been a conscious choice, and that this was a problem in itself.[8]
Some editions of the game since the early 2000s have included more women.[9]
The original version of Guess Who featured only one non-white character – Anne, who was redrawn in a subsequent edition as a white woman. More recently, Hasbro has redesigned the board to feature a more racially diverse set of people.[10]
Television adaptation edit
On April 19, 2021, ''Deadline Hollywood'' announced that a planned unscripted television adaptation of the board game was in early development at NBC and will be produced by Endemol Shine North America and Entertainment One (Hasbro's subsidiary).[11]
People's names edit
| Name | Also known as | Introduced | Retired | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al | Alfred, Stephen | 1980 | — | |
| Amy | — | 2018 | — | |
| Anita | — | 1980 | 2018 | |
| Anne | — | 1980 | 2018 | Absent from 1998–2002 |
| Ben | — | 2018 | — | |
| Bernard | — | 1980 | 2018 | |
| Betty | — | 1999 | 2001 | |
| Bill | Phillipe | 1980 | 2018 | |
| Carmen | — | 2002 | — | |
| Charles | Hans | 1980 | 2018 | |
| Claire | Sarah | 1980 | 2018 | |
| Daniel | — | 2018 | — | |
| David | Luke, Lucas | 1980 | — | |
| Emma | — | 2018 | — | |
| Eric | — | 1980 | — | |
| Farah | — | 2018 | — | |
| Frans | Frank | 1980 | 1998 | |
| Gabe | — | 2018 | — | |
| George | Joe | 1980 | 2001 | |
| Herman | — | 1980 | 2018 | |
| Holly | Kaitlin | 1999 | 2018 | |
| Joe | — | 1980 | — | Absent from 1998–2002 |
| Jordan | — | 2018 | — | |
| Katie | — | 2018 | — | |
| Laura | — | 2018 | — | |
| Leo | — | 2018 | — | |
| Lily | — | 2018 | — | |
| Liz | — | 2018 | — | |
| Maria | — | 1980 | 2018 | |
| Max | Theo | 1980 | 2018 | |
| Mia | — | 2018 | — | |
| Mike | — | 2018 | — | |
| Nick | — | 2018 | — | |
| Olivia | — | 2018 | — | |
| Paul | — | 1980 | 2018 | |
| Peter | — | 1980 | 2018 | Absent from 1998–2002 |
| Philip | Max, Mario | 1980 | 2018 | |
| Rachel | — | 2018 | — | |
| Richard | Roger | 1980 | 2018 | |
| Robert | — | 1980 | 1999 | |
| Sally | Sophie | 1999 | 2018 | |
| Sam | Charles | 1980 | — | |
| Sofia | — | 2018 | — | |
| Susan | — | 1980 | 1998 | |
| Tom | Albert, Daniel | 1980 | 2018 | |
| Victor | — | 1999 | 2018 |
References edit
- ^ Coster, Theo (March 12, 2013). We All Wore Stars: Memories of Anne Frank from Her Classmates. St. Martin's Publishing Group. p. 3. ISBN 9780230342125. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
- ^ "Guess Who? Retrospective". www.toy-tma.com. Retrieved 2018-05-26.
- ^ a b Optimal Strategy in "Guess Who?": Beyond Binary Search by Mihai Nica.
- ^ Allan, Patrick (20 November 2015). "Almost Always Win the Game Guess Who With This Math-Based Strategy". Lifehacker. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
- ^ a b Hern, Alex (16 November 2012). "Hasbro: Being a boy is normal, being a girl is a "characteristic"". www.newstatesman.com. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
- ^ a b Pahle, Rebecca (19 November 2012). "Six-Year-Old Girl (Board) Gamer Calls out Guess Who? on Its Gender Inequality; Hasbro's Response is Both Hilarious and Awful". The Mary Sue.
- ^ "Guess Who's sexist? Classic board game's gender bias leaves". The Independent. 17 November 2012. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
- ^ a b "Jennifer O'Connell, Mom, And 6-Year-Old Daughter Ask Hasbro About Gender Inequality In 'Guess Who?'". The Huffington Post. 21 November 2012.
- ^ Sherwin, Adam (17 November 2012). "Guess Who's sexist? Classic board game's gender bias leaves". The Independent.
- ^ Vitto, Laura (3 July 2013). "5 Depressing Facts About Your Favorite Childhood Games". Mashable.
- ^ White, Peter (April 19, 2021). "'Guess Who?': Unscripted Adaptation Of Board Game In The Works At NBC From Endemol Shine & eOne". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved April 19, 2021.
External links edit
- Guess Who? at BoardGameGeek
- Theora Design – the designers.
- Ahmad, Muneeb Imtiaz; Shahid, Suleman; Maganheim, Johannes (July 9–11, 2014). Miesenberger, Klaus; Fels, Deborah; Archambault, Dominique; Peňáz, Petr; Zagler, Wolfgang (eds.). A Game-Based Intervention for Improving the Communication Skills of Autistic Children in Pakistan (PDF). International Conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. I. Paris: Springer International. pp. 513–516. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08596-8. ISBN 978-3-319-08596-8.
{{cite conference}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)