Gustavus Adolphus pastry^[1] (Swedish: Gustav Adolfsbakelse) is a pastry traditionally eaten every 6 November in Sweden, Gustavus Adolphus Day, the death day of King Gustavus Adolphus the Great. It is especially popular in Gothenburg, a city founded by the king.^[2]

The pastry was created around 1900. Candy with the image of the king was sold by a konditorei in Gothenburg since the 1850s.^[2] The earliest mention of a pastry is from the Western parts of Sweden during the 1890s,^[2][3] where the pastry probably was created around the festivities when a statue of the king was erected in Gothenburg on a square, that since then is known as Gustaf Adolfs torg^[2][4] ("Gustavus Adolphus Square"). One Gothenburg bakery, Bräutigams, claims to have created it in the early 20th century, with the years 1905 or 1909 mentioned.^[4][5][6]

Recipes for the pastry vary locally but most versions have a portrait of the king on the top, usually made of chocolate or marzipan.^[2] In 2003, a competition arranged by Livrustkammaren and Gastronomiska akademien ("Gastronomic Academy of Sweden") elected a winner without the king's portrait.^[7] The Swedish bakeries and konditoreis, however, preferred their old versions,^[8] so the attempt to establish a standard Gustavus Adolphus pastry failed. Exactly how many Gustav Adolphus pastries are sold in November each year is not known. The newspaper Göteborgs-Tidningen in 2009 approximated the total Swedish sales and consumption to more than 10 000.^[4]