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HMAS Jervis Bay (AKR 45)

Summary

HMAS Jervis Bay (AKR 45) was a wave piercing catamaran that operated in the Royal Australian Navy (RAN).

A warship-grey catamaran travelling at speed (from right to left) on the open sea
HMAS Jervis Bay in 2000
History
Australia
NamesakeJervis Bay
BuilderIncat, Tasmania
LaunchedNovember 1997
Commissioned10 June 1999
Decommissioned11 May 2001
Motto"Strive Valiantly"
Nickname(s)Dili Express
Honours and
awards
StatusReturned to civilian service
Badge
A ship's badge. A naval crown sits on top of a black scroll with "JERVIS BAY" written in gold. This is atop a yellow, rope-patterned ring, which contains a black field. Three gold fleur de lys are positioned at the bottom, upper left, and upper right: the bottom one is separated from the other two by a white chevron containing eight black marks. Below the ring are a stone axe and a nulla nulla sitting on top of a boomerang. At the bottom of the badge is a black scroll with "STRIVE VALIANTLY" written.
General characteristics in military service
TypeWave-piercing catamaran
Displacement1,250 tons
Length86.62 m (284.2 ft)
Beam26 m (85 ft)
Draught3.6 m (12 ft)
Propulsion4 × Ruston 20RK270 medium-speed diesels; 4 × Lips waterjets[verification needed]
Speed48 knots (89 km/h; 55 mph)
Range1,000 nautical miles (1,900 km; 1,200 mi)
Troops500 soldiers, plus equipment and light vehicles
Complement20
Armament2 × 7.62mm General Purpose Machine Guns

Built by Incat in Tasmania and launched in 1997 as Incat 045, the ship was chartered to TT-Line as Tascat to supplement cross-Bass Strait services until the company acquired new ships. The catamaran remained laid up until 1999, when she was commissioned into the Royal Australian Navy as a troop and equipment transport, becoming the first large catamaran to enter naval service. Jervis Bay operated in support of the INTERFET peacekeeping taskforce until May 2001, when she was decommissioned and returned to the builder.

In 2002, the ferry was sent to Europe, operating briefly in the Mediterranean before being chartered by Speed Ferries for a cross-English Channel ferry service as HSC SpeedOne. She is now owned by Condor Ferries and is named HSC Condor Rapide.

Construction edit

The ship was laid down as Incat 045 in 1997, at Incat's shipyards in Hobart, Tasmania. She was launched in November 1997. The catamaran had not been ordered by any company.

Four Ruston 20RK270 medium-speed diesels propel the catamaran at speeds of up to 45 knots (83 km/h; 52 mph).[1][2]

Operational history edit

TT-Line edit

The ship's first period of service was on charter to TT-Line, for service between Melbourne, Victoria and Devonport, Tasmania. Named Tascat, the ship ran in conjunction with the first Spirit of Tasmania until the new ferries Spirit of Tasmania I and Spirit of Tasmania II entered service, at which point she was laid up.

RAN edit

After an increase in instability in nations near Australia, the Australian Defence Force sought to upgrade a second brigade-size group to activation on short notice.[3] Delays in refitting the two Kanimbla class vessels acquired from the United States Navy several years earlier meant that the RAN's sealift capability had to be supplemented in order to support two brigades.[3] The RAN sought a large, high-speed catamaran from either Incat or Australian Ships (later named Austal): both companies had vessels available, but only Incat was able to provide a ship before June 1999.[3] A two-year bareboat charter was signed for Incat 045 in May 1999, and the vessel was commissioned into the RAN as HMAS Jervis Bay on 10 June 1999.[2][3]

For military service, the catamaran was modified with enlarged fuel tanks to extend her range to 1,000 nautical miles (1,900 km; 1,200 mi) and additional air conditioning units to improve equipment operational reliability in tropical climates.[3] Sections of the vehicle deck were reinforced to support up to nine tons of weight per axle, allowing the vessel to transport most Australian Army vehicles.[3] The catamaran's vehicle ramp was modified so it could be self-deployed, instead of requiring dock facilities.[3] After modification, Jervis Bay could transport 500 troops, plus their equipment, supplies, and vehicles.[1] In order to maintain a high operational tempo without personnel fatigue or burnout, two ships' companies of 20 (including five Army personnel responsible for the embarcation, storage, and disembarcation of Army personnel and equipment) were established;[3] a practice later used by the RAN on patrol boats and survey ships. Because Jervis Bay was designed for short-haul voyages, crew and passenger facilities were limited: little potable water was carried, cooking facilities were minimal, and there were no sleeping facilities for the crew.[3] Later modifications included the installation of additional water tanks, and the fitting of 20 bunks.[3]

 
HMAS Jervis Bay in Dili in October 1999

Based in Darwin after commissioning, Jervis Bay was in a fortuitous position to respond to the 1999 East Timorese crisis, and was used to provide logistic support to the Australian-led INTERFET peacekeeping taskforce.[3] The catamaran was the first RAN ship to reach Dili; deploying 3RAR to the city's damaged docks on 12 September.[3][4] Jervis Bay was then used to transport soldiers and equipment between Darwin and Dili: she was capable of sailing the 430 nautical miles (800 km; 490 mi) in around 11 hours[5] at an average speed of approximately 45 knots (83 km/h; 52 mph).[1][3] The catamaran was also used to transport humanitarian aid, and relocate displaced persons.[3]

During the two years of the ship's commission in the RAN, Jervis Bay made 107 trips between Darwin and East Timor, shipping 20,000 passengers, 430 vehicles and 5,600 tonnes of freight, becoming known as the "Dili Express".[6][7] Running the catamaran was found to be more efficient than using air transport to move materiel to and from East Timor, with the higher sailing speed meaning she could turn around a payload faster than multiple C-130 Hercules flights for an equivalent load.[8]

In March 2010, the ship was retroactively awarded the battle honour "East Timor 1999–2000".[9][10]

The successful use of a catamaran in military logistics operations led to the acquisition of three Incat catamarans by the United States military (Joint Venture (Incat 050), Spearhead (060), and Swift (061))[11] and prompted the development of the Independence class littoral combat ships as trimarans.

Decommissioning and post-RAN operations edit

 
SpeedOne in Dover

Jervis Bay was decommissioned on 11 May 2001.[7] The total cost of hiring Jervis Bay was A$16 million.[12] The ship was not returned to Incat until 2002, when she was chartered to Italian ferry company TRIS and named Winner.[13] She operated between Genoa and Palau in Italy, until the company's collapse later that year.[13] She was laid up again, until she was purchased by United Kingdom cross-channel operator SpeedFerries in 2004 and renamed HSC SpeedOne.[13] On 26 March 2010, it was announced that the ferry had been acquired by Condor Ferries, and would enter service in late May under the name Condor Rapide.[14]

Citations edit

  1. ^ a b c Polson, Navy goes Down Under, explores future of amphib warfare
  2. ^ a b "HMAS Jervis Bay (III)" (PDF). The Navy. 61 (2). Navy League of Australia: 19–21. September 1999. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Morrison, Rixon, & Dudley, Chartering and HMAS Jervis Bay
  4. ^ Hasik, James (2008). Arms and Innovation: Entrepreneurship and Alliances in the Twenty-First Century Defense Industry. University of Chicago Press. pp. 76–77. ISBN 978-0226318899.
  5. ^ "Model of INCAT high speed transport catamaran HMAS Jervis Bay II". Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
  6. ^ Hasik, Arms and Innovation, p. 82
  7. ^ a b Frame, No Pleasure Cruise, p. 290
  8. ^ Hasik, James (2008). Arms and Innovation: Entrepreneurship and Alliances in the Twenty-First Century Defense Industry. University of Chicago Press. p. 77. ISBN 978-0226318899.
  9. ^ "Navy Marks 109th Birthday With Historic Changes To Battle Honours". Royal Australian Navy. 1 March 2010. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
  10. ^ "Royal Australian Navy Ship/Unit Battle Honours" (PDF). Royal Australian Navy. 1 March 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
  11. ^ Hasik, Arms and Innovations, pp. 81–4
  12. ^ Hasik, Arms and Innovation, p. 83
  13. ^ a b c "HSC Condor Rapide (Incat 045), Past and Present". Dover Ferry Photos. 7 December 2016. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
  14. ^ "Condor buys larger boat for Jersey to France route". BBC News. 26 March 2010. Retrieved 1 April 2010.

References edit

  • Frame, Tom (2004). No Pleasure Cruise: the story of the Royal Australian Navy. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-74114-233-4. OCLC 55980812.
  • Hasik, James (2008). Arms and Innovation: Entrepreneurship and Alliances in the Twenty-First Century Defence Industry. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-31886-8.
  • Morrison, Robert; Rixon, Vaughn; Dudley, John (September 2000). "Chartering and HMAS Jervis Bay". U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings. 126 (9): 75–7. ISSN 0041-798X.
  • Polson, William (16 September 2000). "Navy goes Down Under, explores future of amphib warfare". United States 7th Fleet. Archived from the original on 5 March 2008. Retrieved 8 December 2009.

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