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Harold Masursky

Summary

Harold (Hal) Masursky /məˈzɜːrski/ (December 23, 1922* – August 24, 1990) was an American astrogeologist.[1]

Harold Masursky
Masursky c. 1980
Born(1922-12-23)December 23, 1922
Fort Wayne, Indiana
DiedAugust 24, 1990(1990-08-24) (aged 67)
Flagstaff, Arizona
EducationYale University B.S., M.S.
Known forPlanetary Science
Awards4 NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medals (1972, 1973, 1977 & 1980)
Distinguished Service Award, Dept. of Interior (1985)
Smithsonian Air & Space Museum Trophy for Lifetime Achievements (1988)
G. K. Gilbert Award (1990)
Scientific career
FieldsGeology, Astrogeology
InstitutionsNASA, United States Geological Survey

After leaving Yale University without defending his dissertation, he started his career in the early 1950s as a field geologist in Wyoming and Colorado working for the United States Geological Survey (USGS). In the early 1960s, he moved to the Astrogeology division of the USGS and began working at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. In the mid-1960s, he moved to Flagstaff, Arizona as a founding planetary geologist at the newly constructed USGS Astrogeology Science Center.[2] Throughout his professional career with the USGS, his work contributed to the mission of NASA in the areas of economic, structural, and planetary geology.

He was responsible for the investigation of planetary and lunar surfaces, especially in finding scientifically valuable landing places. This included for the Apollo program, where, in the 1960s, he played a major role in choosing landing sites[3] and assisted in training astronauts in the basics of geology so they would know what to look for on the surface of the Moon. In the 1970s, he headed the team that mapped the surface of Mars and was once again involved in choosing landing sites, this time for the Mars Viking missions. In the 1980s, he worked with the Voyager program to explore the surfaces of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

Masursky was a strong advocate for the exploration of Venus and he was a key member of Pioneer Venus Orbiter team. He worked on numerous other space missions and programs, including, for Moon exploration, Ranger, Surveyor, the Lunar Orbiter, and the mapping of Mars by Mariner 9, as well as contributing to the missions of the Galileo and Magellan spacecraft.[2] He was often interviewed on television as his enthusiasm for the planetary discoveries of the space missions was both edifying and infectious[3]

An especially key role was his work as the president of the Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature of the International Astronomical Union (IAU).[4] He created a small stir in 1986, when he was required to reject a popular suggestion that new moons of Uranus, discovered earlier that year, be named for the seven astronauts lost in the Space Shuttle Challenger explosion - the IAU has strict guidelines that prohibit major bodies being named in honor of persons from a particular country.[5]

In 1985, Masursky was the recipient of the Distinguished Service Award, which is the highest honorary recognition an employee can receive within the Department of the Interior. Quoting from the award, the 1985 USGS Yearbook states: “Harold Masursky, Geologist, for his imaginative leadership in the field of astrogeology which has influenced almost every facet of lunar and planetary exploration since the beginning of the nation's space program.”[6][7]

The Masursky crater on Mars was chosen because it is effluvial, meaning "flow" (it looks like water ran through it), to honor his fervent belief that Mars once had flowing water on the surface. In 1981, the asteroid 2685 Masursky was discovered and named in his honor. The Masursky Award for Meritorius Service to Planetary Science,[8] first awarded to Carl Sagan in 1991, and the Masursky Lecture, originating in 1992 and given during the annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (LPSC),[4][9] are named for him as well.

*Note there is some confusion about the year of Harold Masursky's birth; in some places it is reported as 1922 and in some places is reported as 1923.

Awards edit

Legacy edit

Selected publications edit

  • Masursky, Harold, J. M. Boyce, A. L. Dial, G. G. Schaber, and M. E. Strobell. "Classification and time of formation of Martian channels based on Viking data." Journal of Geophysical Research 82, no. 28 (1977): 4016–4038.
  • Masursky, Harold, George Willis Colton, and Farouk El-Baz. "Apollo over the Moon: a view from orbit". Vol. 362. Scientific and Technical Information Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1978.
  • Masursky, Harold, Eric Eliason, Peter G. Ford, George E. McGill, Gordon H. Pettengill, Gerald G. Schaber, and Gerald Schubert. "Pioneer Venus radar results: Geology from images and altimetry." Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 85, no. A13 (1980): 8232–8260.
  • Smith, Bradford A., Laurence Soderblom, Reta Beebe, Joseph Boyce, Geoffery Briggs, Anne Bunker, Stewart A. Collins et al. "Encounter with Saturn: Voyager 1 imaging science results." Science 212, no. 4491 (1981): 163–191.
  • Smith, Bradford A., Laurence Soderblom, Raymond Batson, Patricia Bridges, J. A. Y. Inge, Harold Masursky, Eugene Shoemaker et al. "A new look at the Saturn system: The Voyager 2 images." Science 215, no. 4532 (1982): 504–537.

External links edit

  • Three-part Oral History Interview, 19 June 1987
  • The Work of Harold 'Hal' Masursky, A YouTube short documentary, 2003.

References edit

  1. ^ Joan Cook (25 August 1990). "Harold Masursky, 66, a Leader In Mapping of Moon and Planets". Obituaries. The Times. London. p. 1029.
  2. ^ a b "2685 Masursky (1981 JN)". Minor Planet Center. Archived from the original on 8 April 2018. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
  3. ^ a b The Work of Harold (Hal) Masursky, retrieved 2021-10-08
  4. ^ a b c "Harold Masursky Lectures" (PDF). hou.usra.edu. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-09-02. Retrieved 2020-09-02.
  5. ^ "Seven of the recently discovered moons of Uranus may..." UPI. Retrieved 2021-10-08.
  6. ^ Unitred States Geological Survey Yearbook 1985 (PDF). Department of the Interior. 1986. p. 39. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
  7. ^ a b "Distinguished Service Award Recipients" (PDF). Orders and Medals Society of America. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
  8. ^ "Harold Masursky Award for Meritorious Service to Planetary Science". www.aas.org. Division for Planetary Sciences, American Astronomical Society. Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
  9. ^ "Commander Dave Scott's Masursky Lecture from LPSC 2014". The Planetary Society. Archived from the original on 2020-09-02. Retrieved 2020-09-02.
  10. ^ a b c d "Agency Awards Historical" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
  11. ^ "Harold Masursky". Current Biography. H. W. Wilson Company. August 1986. p. 34.
  12. ^ "Michael Collins Trophy". Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. Smithsonian. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
  13. ^ "G.K. Gilbert Award". rock.geosociety.org. Geological Society of America. Archived from the original on 3 August 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
  14. ^ Copied content from Masursky Award;see that page history for attribution

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