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Hendrik Zwaardemaker

Summary

Hendrik Zwaardemaker ((1857-05-10)10 May 1857 – (1930-09-19)19 September 1930)[1] was a Dutch scientist who invented the olfactometer in 1888.[2]

Hendrik Zwaardemaker
Born(1857-05-10)10 May 1857
Haarlem, Netherlands
Died19 September 1930(1930-09-19) (aged 73)
Utrecht
Scientific career
FieldsPhysiology
InstitutionsUniversity of Utrecht
An illustration of Zwaardemaker's olfactometer

From 1897 to 1927 he was professor of Experimental Physiology at the University of Utrecht. In 1903 he became member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.[3] In addition to his work on the sense of smell, he also conducted research on the human heart. He found that salts of potassium and other radioactive elements stimulated the heart.[4] His major work was "Die Physiologie des Geruchs" (Physiologie of Olfaction), it appeared in 1895.

Zwaardemaker Pairs edit

An important contribution of Zwaardemaker's studies is the concept of odor conjugates. Zwaardemaker discovered that certain odors could be prevented from detection by smell senses when mixed with various essential oils. These combination of odors are referred to as Zwaardemaker Pairs, (or Z-pairs).

Offensive Odor Common Odor Sources Z-Pair Essential Oil Active Ingredient
Butyric acid Vomit, Flesh Decomposition, Rancid Dairy Products Juniper Oil
Chlorine Vanilla Vanillin
Ammonia Urine Rose Oil Ionone
Tobacco Cigarette Smoke Wintergreen Oil Methyl salicylate
Musk Bitter Almond oil Benzaldehyde
Rubber Cedar Oil
Skatole Feces, Coal tar Cedar Oil
Mercaptan Natural Gas Eucalyptus Oil Eucalyptol

References edit

  1. ^ A. K. M. Noyons. Hendrik Zwaardemaker: 1857-1930. The American Journal of Psychology, Vol. 43, No. 3 (Jul., 1931), pp. 525-526
  2. ^ Eibenstein, A.; et al. (July 2005). "Modern psychophysical tests to assess olfactory function". Neurological Sciences. 26 (3): 147–155. doi:10.1007/s10072-005-0452-3. ISSN 1590-1874. PMID 16086127. S2CID 23858823.
  3. ^ "Hendrik Zwaardemaker (1857 - 1930)". Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
  4. ^ "Heart Radioactivity". Time. December 9, 1929. Archived from the original on August 14, 2009. Retrieved 2007-01-15.