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Hinduism in Asia

Summary

Hinduism is a major religion and one of the most-followed religions in Asia. In 2020, the total number of Hindus in Asia is more than 1.2 billion, more than 26.2% of Asia's total population.[1][2] About 99.2% of the world's Hindus live in Asia, with India having 94% of the global Hindu population.[citation needed] Other Asian nations with a notable Hindu population include Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and the United Arab Emirates.[3][4][5][6]

History edit

 
Hinduism expansion in Asia, from its heartland in Indian Subcontinent, to the rest of Asia, especially Southeast Asia, started circa 1st century marked with the establishment of early Hindu settlements and polities in Southeast Asia.

The roots of Hinduism started and emerged in the Indus River at the Indus Valley civilisation, nearly 3,000 BCE and spread through the Indian subcontinent,[7] though the history of Hinduism overlaps or coincides with the development of religion in the Indian subcontinent since the Iron Age, with some of its traditions tracing back to prehistoric religions such as those of the Bronze Age Indus Valley civilization. It has thus been called the "oldest religion" in the world.[8]

Hinduism spread in the South and Southeast Asia by the Hindu rulers and dynasties and the reign of Gupta Empire or Gupta era was considered as the "Golden period" for Hinduism and the religion also spread to Central Asia and Afghanistan through the Silk route.[9][10][11] There were also many Hindu colonies in the middle-east Asia with significance of trade with the parts of the world.[12] Though with the Spread of Islam and Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent, Afghanistan and Southeast Asia, especially in Indonesia, the Hinduism started declining and shrunk in the Indian subcontinent religion.[13][14]

Demographics edit

 
A Balinese Hindu family after puja at Bratan temple in Bali, Indonesia
 
Natarajan Temple
 
A Sadhu in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh

Central Asia edit

Country Total pop Hindus %age Hindus pop
  Kazakhstan 18,744,548 0.01% 12,732
  Kyrgyzstan 6,019,480 <0.01% <1,000
  Tajikistan 8,734,951 <0.01 <1,000
  Turkmenistan 5,851,466 <0.01 <1,000
  Uzbekistan 32,653,900 0.01% 2,778
Total 72,004,345 <0.01% 16,000 (approx)

East Asia edit

Country Total pop Hindus %age Hindus pop
  China 1,425,178,782 0.1% 20,000
  Hong Kong 7,448,900 1.6% 119,182
  Macau 658,900 <0.01% <1,000
  Japan 126,420,000 <0.01% 30,000
  North Korea 25,610,672 <0.01% <1,000
  South Korea 51,635,256 0.04% 24,414
  Mongolia 3,231,200 <0.01% <1,000
  Taiwan 23,577,488 <0.01% 1,900
Total 1,633,202,416 0.09% (approx) 1,551,037

Middle-East edit

Country Total pop Hindus %age Hindus pop
  Bahrain 1,496,300 9.8% 144,286
  Kuwait 4,226,920 7.1%[α] 300,667
  Oman 4,651,706 5.7% 182,679
  Qatar 2,561,643 13.8% 358,800
  Saudi Arabia 33,413,660 1.1% 303,611
  Arab Emirates 9,582,340 7.5%[β] 660,000
  Yemen 28,915,284 0.7% 200,000
Total 84,847,853 2.52% 2,140,574

South Asia edit

Country Total pop Hindus %age Hindus pop
  Afghanistan 37,466,414 <0.01% <1,000
  Bangladesh 165,158,616 7.95% 13,130,109
  Bhutan 742,737 22.6% 185,700
  India 1,320,000,000 79.8% 1,053,000,000
  Maldives 369,031 0.01% <1,000
  Nepal 28,901,790 81.3% 23,500,000
  Pakistan 224,864,293 2.14% 4,678,078
  Sri Lanka 21,200,000 12.6% 2,671,000
Total 2,032,080,415 52.57% 1,068,728,901

Southeast Asia edit

Country Total pop Hindus %age Hindus pop
  Brunei Darusalem 374,577 0.035% 131
  Cambodia 13,995,904 0.3% 41,988
  Indonesia 259,000,000 1.74% 4,646,357[γ]
  Malaysia 30,949,962 6.3% 1,949,850
  Myanmar 50,279,900 0.5% 252,763
  Philippines 102,000,000 <0.1% 30,634 (2015)[19]
  Singapore 5,600,000 5.0% 280,000
  Thailand 65,068,149 0.1% 65,000
  Vietnam 85,262,356 0.07% 20,000
Total 571,337,070 1.118% 6,386,614

West Asia edit

Country Total pop Hindus %age Hindus pop
  Armenia 2,975,000 <0.01% <1,000
  Azerbaijan 10,027,874 <0.01% <1,000
  Iran 81,871,500 <0.01% 20,000
  Iraq 39,339,753 <0.01% <1,000
  Israel 8,930,680 0.12% 11,500
  Lebanon 6,093,509 <0.01% <1,000
  State of Palestine 4,816,503 <0.01% <1,000
  Syria 18,284,407 <0.01% <1,000
  Turkey 80,810,525 <0.01% <1,000
Total 253,149,751 0.018% 46,000 (est)

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ The estimates vary depending on whether temporary workers – with no residency nor right to openly practice their religion – are included or not. The official Kuwaiti government census data does not count Hindus as residents or citizens of Kuwait.
  2. ^ In the United Arab Emirates, only Sunni Muslims can become citizens, non Muslims there are working as work-class laborers and employees on a particular time and contract basis.[15]
  3. ^ The lower number is based on Pew Research estimate and is primarily concentrated in the island of Bali, Indonesia and nearby provinces of Indonesia. The higher number is based on a 2010 estimate by the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Government of Indonesia.[16] The largest Hindu organization in Indonesia Parisada Hindu Dharma Indonesia states that the Indonesian census greatly underestimates Hindu population, because predominantly Muslim nation of Indonesia does not recognize all forms of Hinduism, and only recognizes monotheistic Hinduism under its constitution.[17][18]

References edit

Citations edit

  1. ^ "Projected Changes in the Global Hindu Population". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 2 April 2015. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
  2. ^ "Hindus". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 18 December 2012. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
  3. ^ "Table: Religious Composition by Country, in Numbers". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 18 December 2012. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
  4. ^ Reyaz, M. (30 May 2014). "[Analysis] Are there any takeaways for Muslims from the Narendra Modi government?". DNA India. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
  5. ^ "Gorkhas to march for restoration of Nepal's Hindu nation status". Hindustan Times. 10 August 2017. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
  6. ^ "Hinduism - The spread of Hinduism in Southeast Asia and the Pacific". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
  7. ^ Brodd 2003.
  8. ^ Klostermaier 2007, p. 1.
  9. ^ Flood, Gavin D. (1996). An Introduction to Hinduism. Cambridge University Press. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-521-43878-0.
  10. ^ Klostermaier 2007, p. 78-81.
  11. ^ Michaels 2004, p. 40.
  12. ^ Pillalamarri, Akhilesh. "The Origins of Hindu-Muslim Conflict in South Asia". thediplomat.com. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
  13. ^ Werner, Karel (11 August 2005). A Popular Dictionary of Hinduism. Routledge. p. 728. ISBN 978-1-135-79753-9.
  14. ^ Brodd 2003, p. 57; Michaels 2004, pp. 147–158.
  15. ^ Marsh 2015e, p. 3.
  16. ^ Indonesia: Religious Freedoms Report 2010, US State Department (2011), Quote: "The Ministry of Religious Affairs estimates that 10 million Hindus live in the country and account for approximately 90 percent of the population in Bali. Hindu minorities also reside in Central and East Kalimantan, the city of Medan (North Sumatra), South and Central Sulawesi, and Lombok (West Nusa Tenggara). Hindu groups such as Hare Krishna and followers of the Indian spiritual leader Sai Baba are present in small numbers. Some indigenous religious groups, including the "Naurus" on Seram Island in Maluku Province, incorporate Hindu and animist beliefs, and many have also adopted some Protestant teachings."
  17. ^ F.K. Bakker (1997), Balinese Hinduism and the Indonesian State: Recent Developments, Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, Deel 153, 1ste Afl., Brill Academic, pp. 15–41
  18. ^ Martin Ramstedt (2004). Hinduism in Modern Indonesia: A Minority Religion Between Local, National, and Global Interests. Routledge. pp. 7–12. ISBN 978-0-7007-1533-6.
  19. ^ "Philippines, Religion And Social Profile". thearda.com. Retrieved 11 January 2021.

Bibliography edit

External links edit

  Media related to Hinduism in Asia at Wikimedia Commons

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