Summary
Holidays in Nazi Germany were primarily centred on important political events, serving as a form of political education and reinforcing propaganda themes.[1] Major national holidays were therefore controlled by Joseph Goebbels at the Reich Propaganda Ministry, and were often accompanied by mass meetings, parades, speeches and radio broadcasts.[1]
Many of the official national holidays in the Third Reich were anniversaries of political events, namely the seizure of power (January 30), the announcement of the Nazi Party program in 1920 (24 February), Hitler's birthday (20 April) and the Beer Hall Putsch (9 November). Others were traditional German holidays. Heroes' Memorial Day was celebrated on 16 March, National Labour Day on 1 May, Mother's Day in May, Summer Solstice in June, Harvest Thanksgiving in Autumn and Winter Solstice in December.[2]
From 1937, Jews were banned from the streets during German public holidays.[3]
| Holiday | Local Name | Date | |
|---|---|---|---|
| New Year's Day | Neujahr | 1 January | |
| Heroes' Memorial Day | Heldengedenktag | 16 March if it was a Sunday, otherwise the Sunday before 16 March | from 1939, the 5th Sunday before Easter (Reminiscere) |
| Good Friday | Karfreitag | Easter Sunday - 2 days | |
| Easter Monday | Ostermontag | Easter Sunday + 1 day | |
| Birthday of the Führer | Führergeburtstag | 20 April | celebrated from 1933 to 1944, declared national holiday for Hitler's 50th birthday in 1939[4] |
| Labour Day | Nationaler Feiertag des deutschen Volkes | 1 May | since 1934. Introduced in 1933 as "Feiertag der nationalen Arbeit"[5] |
| Ascension Day | Christi Himmelfahrt | Easter Sunday + 39 days | |
| Whit Monday | Pfingstmontag | Easter Sunday + 50 days | |
| Corpus Christi | Fronleichnam | Easter Sunday + 60 days | only in municipalities with predominantly Catholic population |
| Harvest Festival | Erntedanktag | 1st Sunday after Michaelistag (29 September) | |
| Reformation Day | Reformationstag | 31 October | only in municipalities with predominantly Protestant population |
| Memorial Day for the martyrs of the (nazi) movement | Gedenktag für die Gefallenen der Bewegung | 9 November | since 1939 |
| Day of Repentance and Prayer | Buß- und Bettag | Wednesday before 23 November | |
| Christmas Eve | Weihnachtsabend | 24 December | |
| Christmas Day | 1. Weihnachtsfeiertag | 25 December | |
| St Stephen's Day / Boxing Day | 2. Weihnachtsfeiertag | 26 December |
See also edit
References edit
- ^ a b Bytwerk, Randall L. (1979). "Rhetorical aspects of Nazi holidays". The Journal of Popular Culture. 13 (2): 239–247. doi:10.1111/j.0022-3840.1979.1302_239.x.
- ^ Snyder, Louis L. (1998). Encyclopedia of the Third Reich. Robert Hale.
- ^ Paldiel, Mordecai (2000). Saving the Jews: Amazing Stories of Men and Women who Defied the "Final Solution". Schreiber.
- ^ Kershaw, Ian. The "Hitler Myth": Image and Reality in the Third Reich Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987. pp.57-59, 64, 72, 79, 141, 151, 159, 197-98, 213-14. ISBN 0-19-282234-9
- ^ Gesetz über die Einführung eines Feiertags der nationalen Arbeit (10. April 1933), in: documentArchiv.de (Hrsg.)