Summary
Hortiboletus rubellus, commonly known as the ruby bolete, is a small, dainty, brightly coloured member of the family Boletaceae, with a reddish cap and stipe, and yellow pores. Like many boletes, it stains blue when cut or bruised. It is found in deciduous woodland in autumn. There is some question over its edibility, and it is reportedly of poor quality with a taste of soap. Until 2015, the species was known as Boletus rubellus.
| Hortiboletus rubellus | |
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| Species: | H. rubellus
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| Binomial name | |
| Hortiboletus rubellus (Krombh.) Simonini, Vizzini & Gelardi (2015)
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| Synonyms | |
Hortiboletus rubellus | |
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 | Pores on hymenium |
 | Cap is convex or flat |
 | Hymenium is adnate |
 | Stipe is bare |
 | Spore print is olive to brown |
 | Edibility is edible but not recommended |
Taxonomy edit
Boletus rubellus was one of the pored basidiomycetes to be placed in the genus Xerocomus in the past, and is still regarded as such in some texts.[1] The previously commonly used binomial name Boletus versicolor (Rostk.), published in 1844, is now reduced to synonymy as it postdates the current name by German mycologist Julius Vincenz von Krombholz which dates from 1836. Its present specific epithet rubellus is Latin for "somewhat red".[2] The fungus was transferred to the new genus Hortiboletus in 2015,[3] following molecular evidence indicating its genetic dissimilarity to Boletus.[4][5]
Description edit
It is a small bolete, with the cap being rarely over 6 centimetres (2+3⁄8 in) in diameter. This cap is scarlet to raspberry red when young, with a dry velvety texture,[6] often cracking in age.[7] The extreme margin often has a pale yellow or white band around it, and it discolours darker and dirtier with age.[6] The pores are small; pale yellow,[8] and bruise slowly. Sometimes tapering, the stem is slender and long, and may reach 7.5 cm (3 in). It is lemon yellow at the apex, but red elsewhere, and has a tendency to split or sheer vertically. The flesh is straw-coloured in the cap, and stains slowly blue over the tubes when cut. The flesh of the stem is pale yellow at the apex and yellow further down. At the stem base, the flesh may have a distinct spot of brick-red or orange.[9] The tubes and pores are large and lemon-yellow, and may be greenish tinged when older. The spore print is olive.[6] It smells pleasant, but indistinct, and is said to taste slightly soapy.[6]
Conflicting information on pore size in notable publications is a possible indication that there may be more than one species involved, both in Britain and in North America.[10]
Distribution and habitat edit
Uncommon to rare in Southern England, occurring largely with oak (Quercus). It also appears in Europe, and the Eastern United States and Canada. [6] A similar species noted as "cf versicolor" has been collected from Victoria in southeastern Australia.[11]
Edibility edit
The species is edible, but often maggoty, and some sources describe the taste as soapy.[6]
Similar species edit
Boletus bicolor is almost identical,[12] and B. campestris is very similar.[13] Neither of these are reported in the British Isles.
In Europe, this species is often mistaken for the similar B. armeniacus[citation needed] which does not show the same red coloration in the stem base. Other similar species include Boletus chrysenteron, B. coccyginus, B. fraternus, and B. truncatus.[7]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Lamaison, Jean-Louis; Polese, Jean-Marie (2005). The Great Encyclopedia of Mushrooms. Könemann. p. 25. ISBN 3-8331-1239-5.
- ^ Simpson DP (1979). Cassell's Latin Dictionary (5 ed.). London: Cassell Ltd. p. 883. ISBN 0-304-52257-0.
- ^ Vizzini A. (May 26, 2015). "Nomenclatural novelties". Index Fungorum (244): 1.
- ^ Nuhn ME, Binder M, Taylor AF, Halling RE, Hibbett DS (2013). "Phylogenetic overview of the Boletineae". Fungal Biology. 117 (7–8): 479–511. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2013.04.008. PMID 23931115.
- ^ Wu G, Feng B, Xu J, Zhu XT, Li YC, Zeng NK, Hosen MI, Yang ZL (2014). "Molecular phylogenetic analyses redefine seven major clades and reveal 22 new generic clades in the fungal family Boletaceae". Fungal Diversity. 69 (1): 93–115. doi:10.1007/s13225-014-0283-8. S2CID 15652037.
- ^ a b c d e f Roger Phillips (2006). Mushrooms. Pan MacMillan. p. 282. ISBN 0-330-44237-6.
- ^ a b Trudell, Steve; Ammirati, Joe (2009). Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest. Timber Press Field Guides. Portland, OR: Timber Press. p. 218. ISBN 978-0-88192-935-5.
- ^ Marcel Bon (1987). The Mushrooms and Toadstools of Britain and North Western Europe. Hodder and Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-39935-X.
- ^ "Xerocomus rubellus at grzyby.pl". Grzyby.pl. Retrieved July 20, 2009.
- ^ David Arora (1986). Mushrooms Demystified. Ten Speed Press. ISBN 0-89815-169-4.
- ^ Watling R, Hui LT (1999). Australian Boletes - A Preliminary Survey. Edinburgh: Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh. p. 42. ISBN 1-872291-28-7.
- ^ Kuo, Michael (January 2015). "Boletus bicolor". MushroomExpert.Com. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
- ^ Kuo, Michael (December 2014). "Boletus campestris". MushroomExpert.Com. Retrieved 2021-10-20.