Huang was born in Huanggang, Hubei, in October 1962. In 1980, he was accepted to Wuhan Institute of Iron and Steel (now Wuhan University of Science and Technology), majoring in metal materials and heat treatment. After graduation, he worked at the institute.

In May 1997, he became deputy secretary of Wuhan Municipal Committee of the Communist Youth League, rising to secretary in October 1997. He served as governor of Jianghan District from August 2002 to November 2004, and party secretary, the top political position in the district, from August 2004 to December 2006. He was appointed secretary-general of CCP Wuhan Municipal Committee in December 2006 and was admitted to member of the standing committee of the CCP Wuhan Municipal Committee, the city's top authority. In March 2007, he was named acting mayor of Xianning, replacing Li Bing [zh]. He was installed as mayor in August. In March 2008, he was promoted to be party secretary, concurrently serving as chairman of its People's Congress since June of that same year. In June 2012, he was promoted to member of the standing committee of the CCP Hubei Provincial Committee, the province's top authority. He was party secretary of Yichang in July 2012, and held that office until December 2016. In December 2012, he was promoted to become executive vice governor, a position he held until January 2021,^[1] when he was appointed chairman of the Hubei Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the province's top political advisory body.^[2]

In December 2021, he was assigned to south China's Guangdong province and appointed party branch secretary of Guangdong People's Congress.^[3]