HCoV-229E is one of the seven human coronaviruses which include HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1,
MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1, and SARS-CoV-2 and are globally distributed.[11][12] However, the viruses were detected in different parts of the world at different times of the year.[13][14][15] A NCBI-study found a previous HCoV-229E infection in 42.9% – 50.0% of children of 6–12 months of age and in 65% of those 2.5–3.5 years of age.[16]
Virologyedit
HCoV-229E is one of seven known coronaviruses to infect humans. The other six are:[17]
^Lim, Yvonne Xinyi; Ng, Yan Ling; Tam, James P.; Liu, Ding Xiang (2016-07-25). "Human Coronaviruses: A Review of Virus–Host Interactions". Diseases. 4 (3): 26. doi:10.3390/diseases4030026. ISSN 2079-9721. PMC5456285. PMID 28933406. See Table 1.
^Fehr AR, Perlman S (2015). "Coronaviruses: An Overview of Their Replication and Pathogenesis". In Maier HJ, Bickerton E, Britton P (eds.). Coronaviruses. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 1282. Springer. pp. 1–23. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7_1. ISBN 978-1-4939-2438-7. PMC4369385. PMID 25720466. See Table 1.
^Lau, S. K.; Lee, P.; Tsang, A. K.; Yip, C. C.; Tse, H.; Lee, R. A.; So, L. Y.; Lau, Y. L.; Chan, K. H.; Woo, P. C.; Yuen, K. Y. (2011). "Molecular epidemiology of human coronavirus OC43 reveals evolution of different genotypes over time and recent emergence of a novel genotype due to natural recombination". Journal of Virology. 85 (21): 11325–11337. doi:10.1128/JVI.05512-11. PMC3194943. PMID 21849456.
^Gaunt, E. R.; Hardie, A.; Claas, E. C.; Simmonds, P.; Templeton, K. E. (2010). "Epidemiology and clinical presentations of the four human coronaviruses 229E, HKU1, NL63, and OC43 detected over 3 years using a novel multiplex real-time PCR method". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 48 (8): 2940–2947. doi:10.1128/JCM.00636-10. PMC2916580. PMID 20554810.
^"Virus Taxonomy: 2018 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). October 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
^Woo, Patrick C. Y.; Huang, Yi; Lau, Susanna K. P.; Yuen, Kwok-Yung (2010-08-24). "Coronavirus Genomics and Bioinformatics Analysis". Viruses. 2 (8): 1804–1820. doi:10.3390/v2081803. ISSN 1999-4915. PMC3185738. PMID 21994708. Figure 2. Phylogenetic analysis of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (Pol) of coronaviruses with complete genome sequences available. The tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining method and rooted using Breda virus polyprotein.
^Vassilara, F.; Spyridaki, A.; Pothitos, G.; Deliveliotou, A.; Papadopoulos, A. (2018). "A Rare Case of Human Coronavirus 229E Associated with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in a Healthy Adult". Case Reports in Infectious Diseases. 2018: 1–4. doi:10.1155/2018/6796839. PMC5925015. PMID 29850307.
^Woo, P. C.; Lau, S. K.; Tsoi, H. W.; Huang, Y.; Poon, R. W.; Chu, C. M.; Lee, R. A.; Luk, W. K.; Wong, G. K.; Wong, B. H.; Cheng, V. C.; Tang, B. S.; Wu, A. K.; Yung, R. W.; Chen, H.; Guan, Y.; Chan, K. H.; Yuen, K. Y. (2005). "Clinical and molecular epidemiological features of coronavirus HKU1-associated community-acquired pneumonia". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 192 (11): 1898–2707. doi:10.1086/497151. PMC7110183. PMID 16267760.
^Fields, B. N., D. M. Knipe, and P. M. Howley (ed.). 1996. Fields virology, 3rd ed. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, PA.
^Van Der Hoek, L.; Pyrc, K.; Berkhout, B. (2006). "Human coronavirus NL63, a new respiratory virus". FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 30 (5): 760–773. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2006.00032.x. PMC7109777. PMID 16911043.
^Esper, F.; Weibel, C.; Ferguson, D.; Landry, M. L.; Kahn, J. S. (2006). "Coronavirus HKU1 infection in the United States". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 12 (5): 775–779. doi:10.3201/eid1205.051316. PMC3374449. PMID 16704837.
^Gerna, G.; Percivalle, E.; Sarasini, A.; Campanini, G.; Piralla, A.; Rovida, F.; Genini, E.; Marchi, A.; Baldanti, F. (2007). "Human respiratory coronavirus HKU1 versus other coronavirus infections in Italian hospitalised patients". Journal of Clinical Virology. 38 (3): 244–250. doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2006.12.008. PMC7108341. PMID 17222582.
^Kaye, H. S.; Marsh, H. B.; Dowdle, W. R. (1971). "Seroepidemiologic survey of coronavirus (Strain OC 43) related infections in a children's population". American Journal of Epidemiology. 94 (1): 43–49. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121293. PMC7109649. PMID 5556222.
^Principi, N.; Bosis, S.; Esposito, S. (2010). "Effects of coronavirus infections in children". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 16 (2): 183–188. doi:10.3201/eid1602.090469. PMC2957994. PMID 20113545.
^Leung, Daniel (20 January 2019). "Coronaviruses (including SARS)". Infectious Disease Advisor. Decision Support in Medicine, LLC. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
^de Wilde, Adriaan H.; Jochmans, Dirk; Posthuma, Clara C.; Zevenhoven-Dobbe, Jessika C.; van Nieuwkoop, Stefan; Bestebroer, Theo M.; van den Hoogen, Bernadette G.; Neyts, Johan; Snijder, Eric J. (August 2014). "Screening of an FDA-Approved Compound Library Identifies Four Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Replication in Cell Culture". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 58 (8): 4875–4884. doi:10.1128/AAC.03011-14. PMC4136071. PMID 24841269.
^Tao, Y.; Shi, M.; Chommanard, C.; Queen, K.; Zhang, J.; Markotter, W.; Kuzmin, I. V.; Holmes, E. C.; Tong, S. (2017). "Surveillance of Bat Coronaviruses in Kenya Identifies Relatives of Human Coronaviruses NL63 and 229E and Their Recombination History". Journal of Virology. 91 (5). doi:10.1128/JVI.01953-16. PMC5309958. PMID 28077633.
^Knapp, Alex. "The Secret History Of The First Coronavirus". Forbes. Retrieved 2020-05-06.
^Hamre, D.; Procknow, J. J. (1966-01-01). "A New Virus Isolated from the Human Respiratory Tract". Experimental Biology and Medicine. 121 (1): 190–193. doi:10.3181/00379727-121-30734. ISSN 1535-3702. PMID 4285768. S2CID 1314901.
External linksedit
Wikispecies has information related to Human coronavirus 229E.
CDC
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Coronaviruses
Viralzone: Alphacoronavirus Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR): Coronaviridae