where 2F2 is a hypergeometric function. The r=1 case for the harmonic numbers is a classical result, the general one was proved in 2009 by I. Mező and A. Dil.[4]
It is known, that the harmonic numbers are never integers except the case n=1. The same question can be posed with respect to the hyperharmonic numbers: are there integer hyperharmonic numbers? István Mező proved[5] that if r=2 or r=3, these numbers are never integers except the trivial case when n=1. He conjectured that this is always the case, namely, the hyperharmonic numbers of order r are never integers except when n=1. This conjecture was justified for a class of parameters by R. Amrane and H. Belbachir.[6] Especially, these authors proved that is not integer for all r<26 and n=2,3,... Extension to high orders was made by Göral and Sertbaş.[7] These authors have also shown that is never integer when n is even or a prime power, or r is odd.
Another result is the following.[8] Let be the number of non-integer hyperharmonic numbers such that . Then, assuming the Cramér's conjecture,
Note that the number of integer lattice points in is , which shows that most of the hyperharmonic numbers cannot be integer.
The problem was finally settled by D. C. Sertbaş who found that there are infinitely many hyperharmonic integers, albeit they are quite huge. The smallest hyperharmonic number which is an integer found so far is[9]
^
John H., Conway; Richard K., Guy (1995). The book of numbers. Copernicus. ISBN 9780387979939.
^Benjamin, A. T.; Gaebler, D.; Gaebler, R. (2003). "A combinatorial approach to hyperharmonic numbers". Integers (3): 1–9.
^ abMező, István; Dil, Ayhan (2010). "Hyperharmonic series involving Hurwitz zeta function". Journal of Number Theory. 130 (2): 360–369. doi:10.1016/j.jnt.2009.08.005. hdl:2437/90539.
^Mező, István; Dil, Ayhan (2009). "Euler-Seidel method for certain combinatorial numbers and a new characterization of Fibonacci sequence". Central European Journal of Mathematics. 7 (2): 310–321. doi:10.2478/s11533-009-0008-5.
^Mező, István (2007). "About the non-integer property of the hyperharmonic numbers". Annales Universitatis Scientarium Budapestinensis de Rolando Eötvös Nominatae, Sectio Mathematica (50): 13–20.
^Amrane, R. A.; Belbachir, H. (2010). "Non-integerness of class of hyperharmonic numbers". Annales Mathematicae et Informaticae (37): 7–11.
^Göral, Haydar; Doğa Can, Sertbaş (2017). "Almost all hyperharmonic numbers are not integers". Journal of Number Theory. 171 (171): 495–526. doi:10.1016/j.jnt.2016.07.023.
^Alkan, Emre; Göral, Haydar; Doğa Can, Sertbaş (2018). "Hyperharmonic numbers can rarely be integers". Integers (18).
^Dil, Ayhan; Boyadzhiev, Khristo N. (February 2015). "Euler sums of hyperharmonic numbers". Journal of Number Theory. 147: 490–498. arXiv:1209.0604. doi:10.1016/j.jnt.2014.07.018.