ICAR_Comercial Knowpia

I.C.A.R. 36 Comercial
Role	Passenger aircraft
National origin	Germany & Romania
Manufacturer	Întreprinderea de Construcții Aeronautice Românești (ICAR)
Designer	Willy Messerschmitt
First flight	1934
Introduction	1936
Primary user	LARES
Number built	1

The ICAR 36 / ICAR Comercial (sic), variously also known as the ICAR M 36, Messerschmitt M 36 or BFW M.36, was a Messerschmitt design built and tested by the Romanian company ICAR in the mid-1930s. It was a small, single-engine high-wing airliner, the first civil transport aircraft built in Romania.

Design & development edit

In April 1933, Erhard Milch, previously head of Deutsche Luft Hansa, was appointed Secretary of State for Air. Relations between Milch and Willy Messerschmitt had been bad ever since the cancellation and later re-ordering of the BFW M.20 by Luft Hansa, and the future of orders for BFW looked bleak. That summer, a visit was made to Romania, where an order was placed by Întreprinderea de Construcții Aeronautice Românești (ICAR) for the design of a small airliner, to be built by them in Romania. ICAR designated it the ICAR 36; Messerschmitt, working at BFW referred to it as the M 36.^[2]

Description edit

The ICAR 36 was a high-wing cantilever monoplane of mixed construction, with a closed cockpit, single engine, and fixed landing gear. It had a welded steel tube fuselage, covered with plywood, and tapered single-spar, plywood-covered wings. The crew of two sat in the cockpit, forward of the wing, which was equipped with a radio and could be fitted with twin controls. The cabin for six passengers, with wide rectangular windows and access doors at the rear, was aft and below the cockpit / wings. There were also two baggage compartments.^[2]

One aircraft (YR-ACS) was built, later modified with a cabin for five passengers and two luggage compartments. Initially intended to be powered by a licence-built 340 kW (450 hp) Gnome & Rhône 7K radial engine, the aircraft was eventually fitted with a 280 kW (380 hp) Armstrong Siddeley Serval I ten-cylinder radial engine in a NACA cowling.,^[1] which was, in turn, replaced with a 220 kW (300 hp) Lorraine 7M Mizar 47, driving a three-bladed propeller.^[2] The fixed landing gear was supported by long faired vertical struts to the wings, with teardrop spats over the mainwheels and a tailwheel at the end of the fuselage.

A tri-motor development was planned, but not realized.

Operational history edit

Only one aircraft was built, operated by LARES on several internal routes including the Bucharest to Cernauti route.^[2]

Operators edit

Romania

LARES

Specifications (I.C.A.R. 36 Comercial) edit

Data from ^[2]

General characteristics

Crew: two
Capacity: six / 960 kg (2,120 lb) payload
Length: 9.8 m (32 ft 2 in)
Wingspan: 15.4 m (50 ft 6 in)
Height: 2.8 m (9 ft 2 in)
Wing area: 155 m² (1,670 sq ft)
Empty weight: 1,320 kg (2,910 lb)
Gross weight: 2,250 kg (4,960 lb)
Powerplant: 1 × Armstrong Siddeley Serval I 10-cyl. double-row air-cooled radial piston engine, 250 kW (340 hp)

Performance

Maximum speed: 235 km/h (146 mph, 127 kn)
Cruise speed: 220 km/h (140 mph, 120 kn)
Stall speed: 89 km/h (55 mph, 48 kn)
Range: 700 km (430 mi, 380 nmi)
Service ceiling: 4,500 m (14,800 ft)

References edit

^ ^a ^b Bernád, Dénes. "Rumania's Aircraft Production. The First Twenty-Five Years". Aviatia. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 27 February 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Smith, J Richard (1971). Messerschmitt an aircraft album. London: Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-0224-X.