International Cricket Council

Summary

The International Cricket Council (ICC) is the global governing body of cricket. It was founded as the Imperial Cricket Conference in 1909 by representatives from Australia, England, and South Africa. It was renamed as the International Cricket Conference in 1965 and adopted its current name in 1987. The ICC has its headquarters in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

International Cricket Council
AbbreviationICC
PredecessorImperial Cricket Conference (1909–1965)
International Cricket Conference (1965–1989)
Formation15 June 1909; 114 years ago (1909-06-15)
TypeFederation of national associations
HeadquartersDubai, United Arab Emirates (2005–present)
London, England (1909–2005)
Membership
108 members
Official languages
English
Greg Barclay
Deputy Chairman
Imran Khwaja
CEO
Geoff Allardice[1]
General Manager
Wasim Khan
Revenue (2022-23)
US$431.93 million[2]
Expenses (2022-23)US$223.55 million[2]
Award(s)ICC Awards
Websitewww.icc-cricket.com

The ICC currently has 108 member nations: 12 Full Members that play Test matches, and 96 Associate Members.[3] The ICC is responsible for the organisation and governance of cricket's major international tournaments, most notably the Cricket World Cup, T20 World Cup, and ICC World Test Championship. It also appoints the umpires and referees that officiate at all sanctioned Test matches, One Day Internationals and Twenty20 Internationals. It promulgates the ICC Code of Conduct, which sets professional standards of discipline for international cricket,[4] and also co-ordinates action against corruption and match-fixing through its Anti-Corruption and Security Unit (ACSU).

The ICC does not control bilateral fixtures between member countries (which include all Test matches outside of the World Test Championship Final), and neither does it govern domestic cricket within member countries. It does not make or alter the laws of the game, which have remained under the governance of the Marylebone Cricket Club since 1788.[5]

The Chairman heads the board of directors and on June 26, 2014, Narayanaswami Srinivasan, the former president of BCCI, was announced as the first chairman of the council.[6] The role of ICC president became a largely honorary position after the establishment of the chairman role and other changes made to the ICC constitution in 2014. It has been claimed that the 2014 changes have handed control to the 'Big Three' nations of England, India and Australia.[7] The last ICC president was Zaheer Abbas,[8] who was appointed in June 2015 following the resignation of Mustafa Kamal in April 2015. When the post of ICC president was abolished in April 2016, Shashank Manohar, who replaced Srinivasan in October 2015, became the first independent elected chairman of the ICC.[9]

History edit

1909–1963 – Imperial Cricket Conference edit

On 30 November 1907, Abe Bailey, the President of the South African Cricket Association, wrote a letter to the Marylebone Cricket Club's (MCC, England) secretary, Francis Lacey. Bailey suggested the formation of an 'Imperial Cricket Board'. In the letter, he suggested that the board would be responsible for the formulation of rules and regulations that would govern the bilateral international matches of the three members, Australia, England and South Africa. Bailey wanted to host a Triangular Test series among the participant countries in South Africa. However, Australia rejected the offer. Still, Bailey did not lose hope. He saw an opportunity of getting the three members together during Australia's tour of England in 1909. After continued lobbying and efforts, Bailey was successful.[10]

On 15 June 1909, representatives from England, Australia and South Africa met at Lord's and founded the Imperial Cricket Conference. A month later, a second meeting between the three members was held. The rules were agreed upon amongst the nations, and the first-ever Tri-Test series was decided to be held in England in 1912.[10]

In 1926, West Indies, New Zealand and India were elected as Full Members, doubling the number of Test-playing nations to six. After the formation of Pakistan in 1947, it was given Test status five years later in 1952, becoming the seventh Test-playing nation. In May 1961, South Africa left the Commonwealth and therefore lost membership.[10]

1964–1988 – International Cricket Conference edit

In 1964, the ICC agreed to include non-Test playing countries. The following year, the ICC changed its name to the International Cricket Conference. The US, Ceylon and Fiji were admitted as Associates, a new class of members.[11]

In 1968, Denmark, Bermuda, Netherlands, and East Africa were admitted as Associates, while South Africa had still not applied to rejoin the ICC.

In 1969, the basic rules of ICC were amended.

At the 1971 meeting, the idea of organizing a World Cup was introduced. At the 1973 meeting, it was decided that a World Cup would be played in 1975 in England. The six Test playing nations and East Africa and Sri Lanka were invited to take part.[11]

New members were added frequently during this period:

In 1974, Israel and Singapore were admitted as Associates.

In 1976, West Africa was admitted as an Associate.

In 1977, Bangladesh was admitted as an Associate.

In 1978, Papua-New Guinea was admitted as an Associate. South Africa applied to rejoin, but their application was rejected.

In 1981, Sri Lanka was promoted to a Full Member, and they played their first Test in 1982.

In 1984, a third class of membership (Affiliate) was introduced. Italy was the first such member, followed by Switzerland in 1985. In 1987, Bahamas and France were admitted, followed by Nepal in 1988.

1989–present – International Cricket Council edit

At the July 1989 meeting, the ICC renamed itself as the International Cricket Council, and the tradition of the MCC President automatically becoming the Chairman of ICC was abolished.[12]

In 1990, UAE joined as an Associate.

In 1991, for the first time in ICC history, the meeting was held away from England, in Melbourne, Australia. South Africa was re-elected as a Full Member of the ICC in July, following the end of apartheid.

In 1992, Zimbabwe was admitted as the ninth Full Member. Namibia joined as an Associate member. Austria, Belgium, Brunei and Spain all joined as Affiliates.

In 1993, the position of Chief Executive of ICC was created; David Richards of the Australian Cricket Board was the first person appointed to the position. In July, Sir Clyde Walcott, from Barbados, was elected as the first non-British Chairman. The emergence of new technology saw the introduction of a third umpire who was equipped with video playback facilities.

By 1995, TV replays were made available for run-outs and stumpings in Test matches, with the third umpire required to signal out or not out with red and green lights respectively. The following year, the cameras were used to determine if the ball had crossed the boundary.

In 1997 decisions on the cleanness of catches could be referred to the third umpire. This year also saw the introduction of the Duckworth-Lewis method, a way of adjusting targets in rain-affected ODI matches.

In 2000, Bangladesh was admitted as the tenth Full Member of the International Cricket Council.

In 2005, ICC moved to its new headquarters to Dubai.

In 2017, Afghanistan and Ireland were admitted as the eleventh and twelfth Full Members of the International Cricket Council after a unanimous vote at the ICC Full Council meeting at The Oval. Affiliate Membership was also abolished, with all existing Affiliate Members becoming Associate Members.

In 2018, all Women's T20 matches were elevated to Women's Twenty20 International status.

In 2019, all Men's T20 matches were elevated to Twenty20 International status.

In July 2022, Cambodia, Cote D'Ivoire, and Uzbekistan were granted associate member status by the ICC.[13][14]

On 12 June 2023, After Australia's ICC World Test Championship title win against India, in the final by 209 runs at The Oval, Australia made history by becoming the first-ever team to clinch all major ICC trophies.[citation needed]

Members edit

 
Current ICC Members by Membership status:
  Full Members
  Associate Members with ODI status
  Associate Members
  Former or suspended Members
  Non-Members

Full Members – The 12 governing bodies of teams that have full voting rights within the International Cricket Council and play official Test matches.

Country Teams Governing body Full member since Test status since Region
  England MenWomenU19 England and Wales Cricket Board 15 June 1909 15 March 1877 Europe
  Australia MenWomenU19 Cricket Australia 15 June 1909 15 March 1877 East Asia-Pacific
  South Africa MenWomenU19 Cricket South Africa 15 June 1909 12 March 1889 Africa
  West Indies MenWomenU19 Cricket West Indies 31 May 1926 23 June 1928 Americas
  New Zealand MenWomenU19 New Zealand Cricket 31 May 1926 10 January 1930 East Asia-Pacific
  India MenWomenU19 Board of Control for Cricket in India 31 May 1926 25 June 1932 Asia
  Pakistan MenWomenU19 Pakistan Cricket Board 28 July 1952 16 October 1952 Asia
  Sri Lanka MenWomenU19 Sri Lanka Cricket 21 July 1981 21 July 1981 Asia
  Zimbabwe MenWomenU19 Zimbabwe Cricket 6 July 1992 18 October 1992 Africa
  Bangladesh MenWomenU19 Bangladesh Cricket Board 26 June 2000 10 November 2000 Asia
  Ireland MenWomenU19 Cricket Ireland 22 June 2017 11 May 2018 Europe
  Afghanistan MenWomenU19 Afghanistan Cricket Board 22 June 2017 14 June 2018 Asia

Associate Members – The 96 governing bodies in countries where cricket is firmly established and organized, but have not been granted Full Membership yet.

Currently, 8 associate teams have temporary ODI status until 2027. These teams are one tier above the rest of the associate teams.

Country Governing body Associate member since ODI status since Region
  Netherlands Royal Dutch Cricket Association 1966 2018 Europe
  Canada Cricket Canada 1968 2023 Americas
  United Arab Emirates Emirates Cricket Board 1990 2014 Asia
  Namibia Cricket Namibia 1992 2019 Africa
  Scotland Cricket Scotland 1994 2005 Europe
    Nepal Cricket Association of Nepal 1996 2018 Asia
  Oman Oman Cricket 2014 2019 Asia
  United States USA Cricket 2019 2019 Americas

The details of all 96 associate teams are presented in the table below:

Country Teams Government Affiliate membership Associate membership Region
  Argentina MenWomenU19 Argentine Cricket Association N/A 1974 Americas
  Austria MenWomenU19 Austrian Cricket Association 1992 2017 Europe
  Bahamas MenWomenU19 Bahamas Cricket Association 1987 2017 Americas
  Bahrain MenWomenU19 Bahrain Cricket Association 2001 2017 Asia
  Belgium MenWomenU19 Belgian Cricket Federation 1991 2005 Europe
  Belize MenWomenU19 Belize National Cricket Association 1997 2017 Americas
  Bermuda MenWomenU19 Bermuda Cricket Board N/A 1966 Americas
  Bhutan MenWomenU19 Bhutan Cricket Council Board 2001 2017 Asia
  Botswana MenWomenU19 Botswana Cricket Association 2001 2005 Africa
  Brazil MenWomenU19 Brazilian Cricket Confederation 2002 2017 Americas
  Bulgaria MenWomenU19 Bulgarian Cricket Federation 2008 2017 Europe
  Cambodia MenWomenU19 Cricket Association of Cambodia N/A 2022 Asia
  Cameroon MenWomenU19 Cameroon Cricket Federation 2007 2017 Africa
  Canada MenWomenU19 Cricket Canada N/A 1968 Americas
  Cayman Islands MenWomenU19 Cayman Islands Cricket Association 1997 2002 Americas
  Chile MenWomenU19 Chilean Cricket Association 2002 2017 Americas
  China MenWomenU19 Chinese Cricket Association 2004 2017 Asia
  Cook Islands MenWomenU19 Cook Islands Cricket Association 2000 2017 East Asia-Pacific
  Costa Rica MenWomenU19 Costa Rica Cricket Federation 2002 2017 Americas
  Croatia MenWomenU19 Croatian Cricket Federation 2001 2017 Europe
  Cyprus MenWomenU19 Cyprus Cricket Association 1999 2017 Europe
  Czech Republic MenWomenU19 Czech Cricket Union 2000 2017 Europe
  Denmark MenWomenU19 Danish Cricket Federation N/A 1966 Europe
  Estonia MenWomenU19 Estonian Cricket Association 2008 2017 Europe
  Eswatini MenWomenU19 Eswatini Cricket Association 2007 2017 Africa
  Falkland Islands MenWomenU19 Falkland Cricket Association 2007 2017 Americas
  Fiji MenWomenU19 Cricket Fiji N/A 1965 East Asia-Pacific
  Finland MenWomenU19 Cricket Finland 2000 2017 Europe
  France MenWomenU19 France Cricket Association 1987 1998 Europe
  Gambia MenWomenU19 Gambia Cricket Association 2002 2017 Africa
  Germany MenWomenU19 German Cricket Federation 1991 1999 Europe
  Ghana MenWomenU19 Ghana Cricket Association 2002 2017 Africa
  Gibraltar MenWomenU19 Gibraltar Cricket Association N/A 1969 Europe
  Greece MenWomenU19 Hellenic Cricket Federation 1995 2017 Europe
  Guernsey MenWomenU19 Guernsey Cricket Board 2005 2008 Europe
  Hong Kong MenWomenU19 Cricket Hong Kong N/A 1969 Asia
  Hungary MenWomenU19 Hungarian Cricket Association 2012 2017 Europe
  Indonesia MenWomenU19 Cricket Indonesia 2001 2017 Asia/East Asia-Pacific
  Iran MenWomenU19 Islamic Republic of Iran Cricket Association 2003 2017 Asia
  Isle of Man MenWomenU19 Isle of Man Cricket Association 2004 2017 Europe
  Israel MenWomenU19 Israel Cricket Association N/A 1974 Europe
  Italy MenWomenU19 Italian Cricket Federation 1984 1995 Europe
  Ivory Coast MenWomenU19 Côte d’Ivoire Cricket Federation N/A 2022 Africa
  Japan MenWomenU19 Japan Cricket Association 1989 2005 Asia/East Asia-Pacific
  Jersey MenWomenU19 Jersey Cricket Board 2005 2007 Europe
  Kenya MenWomenU19 Cricket Kenya N/A 1981 Africa
  Kuwait MenWomenU19 Cricket Kuwait 1998 2005 Asia
  Lesotho MenWomenU19 Lesotho Cricket Association 2001 2017 Africa
  Luxembourg MenWomenU19 Luxembourg Cricket Federation 1998 2017 Europe
  Malawi MenWomenU19 Cricket Malawi 1998 2017 Africa
  Malaysia MenWomenU19 Malaysian Cricket Association N/A 1967 Asia
  Maldives MenWomenU19 Cricket Board of Maldives 1998 2017 Asia
  Mali MenWomenU19 Malian Cricket Federation 2005 2017 Africa
  Malta MenWomenU19 Malta Cricket Association 1998 2017 Europe
  Mexico MenWomenU19 Mexico Cricket Association 2004 2017 Americas
  Mongolia MenWomenU19 Mongolia Cricket Association N/A 2021 Asia
  Mozambique MenWomenU19 Mozambican Cricket Association 2003 2017 Africa
  Myanmar MenWomenU19 Myanmar Cricket Federation 2006 2017 Asia
  Namibia MenWomenU19 Cricket Namibia N/A 1992 Africa
    Nepal MenWomenU19 Cricket Association of Nepal 1988 1996 Asia
  Netherlands MenWomenU19 Royal Dutch Cricket Association N/A 1966 Europe
  Nigeria MenWomenU19 Nigeria Cricket Federation N/A 2002 Africa
  Norway MenWomenU19 Norwegian Cricket Board 2000 2017 Europe
  Oman MenWomenU19 Oman Cricket 2000 2014 Asia
  Panama MenWomenU19 Panama Cricket Association 2002 2017 Americas
  Papua New Guinea MenWomenU19 Cricket PNG N/A 1973 East Asia-Pacific
  Peru MenWomenU19 Peru Cricket Association 2007 2017 Americas
  Philippines MenWomenU19 Philippine Cricket Association 2000 2017 East Asia-Pacific
  Portugal MenWomenU19 Portuguese Cricket Federation 1996 2017 Europe
  Qatar MenWomenU19 Qatar Cricket Association 1999 2017 Asia
  Romania MenWomenU19 Cricket Romania 2013 2017 Europe
  Rwanda MenWomenU19 Rwanda Cricket Association 2003 2017 Africa
  Saint Helena MenWomenU19 St Helena Cricket Association 2001 2017 Africa
  Samoa MenWomenU19 Samoa International Cricket Association 2000 2017 East Asia-Pacific
  Saudi Arabia MenWomenU19 Saudi Arabian Cricket Federation 2003 2016 Asia
  Scotland MenWomenU19 Cricket Scotland N/A 1994 Europe
  Serbia MenWomenU19 Serbian Cricket Federation 2015 2017 Europe
  Seychelles MenWomenU19 Seychelles Cricket Association 2010 2017 Africa
  Sierra Leone MenWomenU19 Sierra Leone Cricket Association 2002 2017 Africa
  Singapore MenWomenU19 Singapore Cricket Association N/A 1974 Asia
  Slovenia MenWomenU19 Slovenian Cricket Association 2005 2017 Europe
  South Korea MenWomenU19 Korea Cricket Association 2001 2017 East Asia-Pacific
  Spain MenWomenU19 Cricket Spain 1992 2017 Europe
  Suriname MenWomenU19 Suriname Cricket Board 2002 2011 Americas
  Sweden MenWomenU19 Swedish Cricket Federation 1997 2017 Europe
   Switzerland MenWomenU19 Cricket Switzerland 1985[a] 2021 Europe
  Tajikistan MenWomenU19 Tajikistan Cricket Federation N/A 2021 Asia
  Tanzania MenWomenU19 Tanzania Cricket Association N/A 2001 Africa
  Thailand MenWomenU19 Cricket Association of Thailand 1995 2005 Asia
  Turkey MenWomenU19 Cricket Turkey 2008 2017 Europe
  Turks and Caicos Islands MenWomenU19 Turks and Caicos Cricket Association 2002 2017 Americas
  Uganda MenWomenU19 Uganda Cricket Association N/A 1998 Africa
  United Arab Emirates MenWomenU19 Emirates Cricket Board 1989 1990 Asia
  United States MenWomenU19 USA Cricket N/A 1965[b]

2019

Americas
  Uzbekistan MenWomenU19 Cricket Federation of Uzbekistan N/A 2022 Asia
  Vanuatu MenWomenU19 Vanuatu Cricket Association 1995 2009 East Asia-Pacific

Suspended Members – The ICC Memorandum & Articles of Association states that “any Member that has its membership suspended shall, unless the Board of Directors decides otherwise in its absolute discretion, and for the period of such suspension, be deprived of all of its rights as a Member (whether set out in these Articles of Association or otherwise), including its right to receive distributions of surplus ICC revenues, its right to participate in events sanctioned by the ICC and its right to attend and vote at meetings.”[18] There are currently no suspended members of the ICC, with the most recent example being of Sri Lanka, who were suspended from November 10, 2023, to January 28, 2024, due to a lack of anonymity with their government.[19]

Country Teams Governing body Full member since Test status since Suspended Reason Suspended Region

Location edit

 
The ICC's offices in Dubai

Since its creation, the ICC had the Lord's Cricket Ground as its home, and in 1993 moved its offices to the "Clock Tower" building at the nursery end of the ground. The independently run ICC was funded initially by commercial exploitation of the rights to the World Cup of One Day International cricket. As not all Member countries had double-tax agreements with the United Kingdom, it was necessary to protect cricket's revenues by creating a company, ICC Development (International) Pvt. Ltd, known as IDI outside the UK. This was established in January 1994 and was based in Monaco[This paragraph needs citation(s)].

For the remainder of the nineties, the administration of IDI was a modest affair. But with the negotiation of a bundle of rights to all ICC events from 2001 to 2008, revenues available to International cricket and the ICC member countries rose substantially. This led to a growth in the number of commercial staff employed by IDI in Monaco. It also had the disadvantage that the council's cricket administrators, who remained at Lord's, were separated from their commercial colleagues in Monaco. The Council decided to seek ways of bringing all of their staff together in one office while protecting their commercial income from tax.[This paragraph needs citation(s)]

The option of staying at Lord's was investigated and a request was made, through Sport England, to the British Government to allow the ICC to have all its personnel (including those working on commercial matters) in London – but be given special exemption from paying UK corporation tax on its commercial income. The British Government was unwilling to create a precedent and would not agree to this request. As a consequence, the ICC examined other locations and eventually settled on the city of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. The ICC is also registered in British Virgin Islands. In August 2005, the ICC moved its offices to Dubai, and subsequently closed its offices at Lord's and Monaco. The move to Dubai was made after an 11–1 vote by the ICC's executive board in favour.[20]

While the principal driver of the ICC's move to Dubai was the wish to bring its main employees together in one tax-efficient location, a secondary reason was the wish to move offices closer to the increasingly important new centres of cricketing power in South Asia. Lord's had been a logical venue when the ICC had been administered by the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) (a situation that lasted until 1993). But the growing power of India and Pakistan in world cricket had made the continued control of international cricket by a British private members club (the MCC) anachronistic and unsustainable. A direct consequence of the changes and reforms instituted in 1993 was eventually to be the move away from Lord's to a more neutral venue.[21]

Income generation edit

 
Variant ICC Logo with old motto

The ICC generates income from the tournaments it organises, primarily the Cricket World Cup, and it distributes the majority of that income to its members. Sponsorship and television rights of the World Cup brought in over US$1.6 billion between 2007 and 2015, by far the ICC's main source of income.[22][23] In the nine-month accounting period to 31 December 2007 the ICC had operating income of $12.66 million, mainly from member subscriptions and sponsorship. In contrast, event income was US$285.87 million, including $239 million from the 2007 World Cup. There was also investment income of $6.695 million in the period. In 2022 ICC generated US$208,375,000 as an net income.[24]

The ICC has no income streams from the bilateral international cricket matches (Test matches, One Day International and Twenty20 Internationals), that account for the great majority of the international playing schedule, as they are owned and run by its members. It has sought to create other new events to augment its World Cup revenues. These include the ICC Champions Trophy and the ICC Super Series played in Australia in 2005. However, these events have not been as successful as the ICC hoped. The Super Series was widely seen as a failure and is not expected to be repeated, and India called for the Champions Trophy to be scrapped in 2006.[25] The Champions Trophy 2004 event was referred to in Wisden 2005 by the editor as a "turkey of a tournament" and a "fiasco"; although the 2006 event was seen as a greater success due to a new format.[26][27]

The ICC World Twenty20, first played in 2007, was a success. The ICC's current plan is to have an international tournament every year, with a Twenty20 World Cup played in even number years, the World Cup continuing to be held the year before the Olympic Games, and the ICC Champions Trophy in the remaining year of the cycle. This cycle began in 2010, one year after the 2009 tournament.

International tournaments edit

ICC Events edit

The ICC organizes various international Test, One-Day and Twenty20 cricket competitions for Men, Women and Under-19 national teams. The details are presented in the table below:

Tournament Latest edition Format Champions Next edition
Men
ICC World Test Championship 2021-23   Test   Australia 2023-25  
ICC Cricket World Cup 2023   ODI   Australia 2027      
ICC Champions Trophy 2017       Pakistan 2025  
ICC T20 World Cup 2022   T20I   England 2024    
Women
ICC Women's Cricket World Cup 2022   WODI   Australia 2025  
ICC Women's T20 World Cup 2023   WT20I   Australia 2024  
ICC Women's T20 Champions Trophy 2027   TBD 2031
Under-19
ICC Men's Under-19 World Cup 2024   50 overs   Australia 2026    
ICC Women's Under-19 T20 World Cup 2023   T20   India 2025    

Additionally, The ICC in association with Commonwealth Games Federation and International Olympic Committee also conducts Twenty20 Cricket Tournament for Women in Commonwealth Games and Cricket at the Summer Olympics (for both) respectively.

Qualifiers edit

The ICC organizes qualifying tournaments for various international main events.

Format ODI T20I
Men ICC Men's Cricket World Cup Qualifier ICC Men's T20 World Cup Qualifier, Regional qualifiers
ICC Cricket World Cup Super League (now defunct)
Women ICC Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier ICC Women's T20 World Cup Qualifier
ICC Women's Championship

Starting with the 2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup, the Global Qualifiers will no longer take place and teams will qualify directly based on their performance in the previous T20 World Cup and from regional qualifiers.

Leagues edit

ICC conducts world cup qualifying leagues for associate teams. A two-tier league system with promotion & relegation where best performing teams qualify for ICC Cricket World Cup Qualifier.

Tier League Teams Current edition
1 ICC Cricket World Cup League 2 8 2023-2027
2 ICC Cricket World Cup Challenge league 12 2023-2026

In addition, there are two playoff events which are part of World cup qualification process and essentially connected to the leagues above mentioned.

Rules and regulation edit

The International Cricket Council oversees playing conditions, bowling reviews, and other ICC regulations. The ICC does not have copyright to the Laws of Cricket: only the MCC may change the Laws, though this is usually done in consultation with the game's global governing body.[citation needed] The ICC maintains a set of playing conditions for international cricket which make slight amendments to the Laws. They also have a "Code of Conduct" to which teams and players in international matches are required to adhere. Where breaches of this code occur the ICC can apply sanctions, usually fines. In 2008, the ICC imposed 19 penalties on players. ICC announces changes to Playing Conditions.[28]

Umpires and referees edit

The ICC appoints international umpires and match referees who officiate at all sanctioned Test matches, One-Day Internationals and Twenty20 Internationals. The ICC operates three panels of umpires: the Elite Panel, the International Panel, and the Associates and Affiliates Panel.

As of March 2012, the Elite Panel included twelve umpires. In theory, two umpires from the Elite Panel officiate at every Test match, while one Elite Panel umpire stands in ODI matches together with an umpire from the International Panel. In practice, members of the International Panel stand in occasional Test matches, as this is viewed an excellent good opportunity to see whether they can cope at the Test level and whether they should be elevated to the Elite Panel. Members of the Elite Panel are full-time employees of the ICC, although they do still, very occasionally, umpire first-class cricket in their country of residence. The average annual officiating schedule for Elite Umpires is 8–10 Test matches and 10–15 ODIs, a potential on-field workload of 75 days per year, plus travel and preparation time.[29]

The International Panel is made up of officials nominated from each of the ten Test-playing cricket boards. The Panel Members officiate in ODI matches in their home country, and assist the Elite Panel at peak times in the cricket calendar when they can be appointed to overseas ODI and Test matches. International Panel members also undertake overseas umpiring assignments such as the ICC Under 19 Cricket World Cup to improve their knowledge and understanding of overseas condition, and help them prepare for possible promotion to the Elite Panel. Some of these umpires also officiate in the Cricket World Cup. Each of the Test cricket boards nominates a "third umpire" who can be called upon to review certain on-field decisions through instant television replays. All third umpires are first-class umpires in their own country, and the role is seen as a step onto the International Panel, and then the Elite Panel.[30]

The inaugural ICC Associate and Affiliate International Umpires Panel was formed in June 2006. It superseded the ICC Associate and Affiliate International Umpires Panel, created in 2005, and serves as the pinnacle for umpires from non-Test playing Members, with selection achieved through each of the five ICC Development Program Regional Umpires Panels.

Members of the Associate and Affiliate International Umpires Panel are eligible for appointments to ODIs involving ICC Associate Members, ICC Intercontinental Cup matches and other Associate and Affiliate tournaments. High-performing umpires may also be considered for other ICC events, including the ICC U/19 Cricket World Cup, and could also be invited to be involved in the ICC Champions Trophy and ICC Cricket World Cup.[31]

There is also an Elite Panel of ICC Referees who act as the independent representative of the ICC at all Test and ODI matches. As of January 2009, it had 6 members, all highly experienced former international cricketers. The Referees do not have the power to report players or officials (which has to be done by the umpires), but they are responsible for conducting hearings under the ICC Code of Conduct and imposing penalties as required at matches, ranging from an official reprimand to a lifetime ban from cricket. Decisions can be appealed, but the original decision is upheld in most cases.

The Council failed to achieve consensus among the cricket-playing nations – as of June 2012 – on the universal application of an Umpire's Decision Review System, due to opposition by BCCI. It will continue to be applied subject to mutual agreement of the playing countries.[32] In July 2012, ICC decided to send a delegation to show the ball tracking research done by Ed Rosten, an expert on computer vision and technology, to BCCI to remove the skepticism about the use of DRS technology.[33][34]

Regional bodies edit

These regional bodies aim to organise, promote and develop the game of cricket:

The ICC regional bodies which looks after regions not covered by regional bodies of Asia and Africa:

The regional body for Europe was disestablished following which ICC took over operations:

Two further regional bodies were disestablished following the creation of the African Cricket Association:

Rankings and awards edit

Rankings edit

The ICC publishes team rankings for all three formats of the game and updates the same periodically.

Men's

Women's

The ICC Player Rankings are a widely followed system of rankings for international cricketers based on their recent performances.

Men's

Women's

Awards edit

The ICC has instituted the ICC Awards to recognize and honor the best international cricket players of the previous 12 months. The inaugural ICC Awards ceremony was held on 7 September 2004, in London.[35] In 2020, ICC announced a special one-off event, the ICC Awards of the Decade to honour the best performers and performances in the previous 10 years.[36]

Anti-corruption and security edit

The ICC has also had to deal with drugs and bribery scandals involving top cricketers. Following the corruption scandals by cricketers connected with the legal and illegal bookmaking markets, the ICC set up an Anti-Corruption and Security Unit (ACSU) in 2000 under the retired Commissioner of London's Metropolitan Police, Lord Condon. Among the corruption on which they have reported was that of former South African captain Hansie Cronje who had accepted substantial sums of money from an Indian bookmaker for under-performing or ensuring that certain matches had a pre-determined result. Similarly, the former Indian captain Mohammad Azharuddin and Ajay Jadeja were investigated, found guilty of match-fixing, and banned from playing cricket (for life and for five years, respectively). The ACSU continues to monitor and investigate any reports of corruption in cricket and protocols have been introduced, which for example prohibit the use of mobile telephones in dressing rooms.

Prior to the 2007 Cricket World Cup, ICC chief executive Malcolm Speed warned against any corruption and stated that the ICC would be vigilant and intolerant against it.[37]

Following a scandal that occurred during the 2010 Pakistan tour of England, 3 Pakistani players, Mohammad Amir, Mohammad Asif and Salman Butt were found to be guilty of spot-fixing, and were banned for 5 years, 7 years and 10 years respectively. On 3 November 2011, jail terms were handed down of 30 months for Butt, one year for Asif, six months for Amir and two years and eight months for Majeed, the sports agent that facilitated the bribes.[38][39][40][41]

In 2019, an investigation by Al Jazeera revealed match-fixing in Sri-Lanka, India, England, Australia and other cricket playing nations.[42] The ICC launched an investigation corcerning the report.

Global Cricket Academy edit

The ICC Global Cricket Academy (GCA) is located at Dubai Sports City in the United Arab Emirates. The GCA's facilities include two ovals, each with 10 turf pitches, outdoor turf and synthetic practice facilities, indoor practice facilities including hawk eye technology and a cricket-specific gymnasium. Rod Marsh has been appointed as the academy's Director of Coaching. The opening, originally planned for 2008, took place in 2010.

ICC Cricket World Program edit

The International Cricket Council telecasts a weekly program on television called ICC Cricket World. It is produced by Sportsbrand.

It is a weekly 30-minute program providing the latest cricket news, recent cricket action including all Test and One-Day International matches, as well as off-field features and interviews.

Criticism edit

In 2015, Sam Collins and Jarrod Kimber made the documentary Death of a Gentleman on the internal organisation of the ICC, saying that the richer member countries (specifically India, England and Australia) were "bullying" the ICC and running the organisation to the detriment of the other members.[43]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Switzerland were admitted in 1985, but were expelled in 2012,[15][16] before being readmitted in July 2021.[17]
  2. ^ The USA were admitted as an associate member in 1965 under the governance of the United States of America Cricket Association, which was expelled in September 2017. USA Cricket was admitted in January 2019.
  1. ^ "ICC appoints Geoff Allardice as CEO on permanent basis". Cricbuzz. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b ICC Annual Report 2022-23 (PDF). International Cricket Council. p. 47. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  3. ^ "ICC Members". ICC. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
  4. ^ "International Cricket Council – ICC Events, ICC Cricket Rankings, Live Cricket Scores" (PDF). Icc-cricket.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2007. Retrieved 8 May 2011.
  5. ^ "Laws". www.lords.org. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
  6. ^ "Srinivasan elected as the new Chairman of ICC from July 2014 onwards". Jagran Prakashan. 10 February 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  7. ^ "Mustafa Kamal quits as ICC president after World Cup snub". BBC Sport. 1 April 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
  8. ^ "Zaheer Abbas Appointed ICC President". Gulf News. 25 June 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
  9. ^ "ICC Office Bearers". www.icc-cricket.com. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  10. ^ a b c "International Cricket Council". www.icc-cricket.com. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
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External links edit

  • ICC Crictos Launch with Fancraze
  •   The dictionary definition of International Cricket Council at Wiktionary
  •   Media related to International Cricket Council at Wikimedia Commons
  • Official website