Summary
Iranian Jews in Israel refers to the community of Iranian Jews who immigrated to Ottoman Palestine, Mandatory Palestine, and later the State of Israel. Iranian Jews in Israel number over 135,000 and most of them are Israeli born.[3]
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 200,000[1] - 250,000[2] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Kfar Saba, Netanya, Jerusalem, Tel Aviv | |
| Languages | |
| Hebrew (Main language for all generations); Older generation: Persian | |
| Religion | |
| Judaism |
History edit
The first Persian Jews to settle in Ottoman Palestine were from Shiraz. They left in 1815 in a caravan, making their way to the port of Bushehr and from there boarded a ship to Basra in southern Iraq. From there, they traveled by land to Baghdad and Damascus. Those who survived the difficult journey settled in Tzfat and Jerusalem, establishing the nucleus of the Iranian Jewish community in these cities.[4]
After the establishment of the State of Israel, immigration increased significantly. In 1952, approximately 30,000 Iranian Jews immigrated to Israel under the Israeli mission Operation Cyrus.[5] In the 1950s, the Israeli treatment of Iranian Jews was similar to the Israeli treatment of other Jews from the Middle Eastern and North African region.[6] Since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, over 134,000 Iranians have settled in Israel.[7]
Many Iranian Jews immigrated to Israel after the Iranian Revolution in 1979.[8] Following the revolution, an additional 10,000 to 15,000 Iranian Jews immigrated directly to Israel. Many others migrated first to the United States or Europe and then to Israel, mainly out of fear of the new Ayatollah's regime but also from lack of familiarity with Israel. (In Iranian culture, Israel was seen as a country of infidels and atheists, a terrible thing to be in the Middle East; while most of the Iranian Jews are religious or traditionalists).[9] Some fled after Habib Elghanian was murdered after being accused of "Zionism."[10]
Israel continues to encourage the remaining Jews in Iran (less than 9,000) to immigrate, since Israel sees them as hostages of the Iranian regime. In 2007, Israel offered monetary incentives to Jews in Iran to encourage Iranian Jewish immigration to Israel.[11] Jews of Iranian descent in Israel are considered part of the Mizrahim.[12]
Kol Israel transmits daily radio broadcasts to Iran in the Persian language and Menashe Amir, an Iranian Jew, hosts a talk show that draws callers from Iran.[8]
Notable Israelis of Iranian descent edit
- Joel Simkhai - founder of Grindr
- David Rokni - Israeli colonel
- Eliezer Avtabi - Israeli politician
- Yossi Avni-Levy - Israeli ambassador, diplomat
- Galit Distel-Atbaryan - Israeli politician, writer
- Nitsana Darshan-Leitner - Israeli attorney
- Sharon Roffe Ofir - Israeli journalist, politician
- Eli Avivi - founder of the micronation Akhzivland
- Menashe Amir – Broadcaster in the Persian-language Kol Israel radio
- Yigal Sebty - Iranian books Writer/Translator & Broadcaster in the Persian-language Kol Israel radio - retired in 2014
- Orly (Fernos) Rem - Broadcaster and Director of the Persian-language Kol Israel radio
- Sima Bachar – Mrs. Israel 2005
- Michael Ben-Ari – Israeli politician
- Dan Halutz – Former chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces
- Mor Karbasi – Singer
- Moshe Katsav – Former President of Israel
- Rita Kleinstein – Israeli pop singer
- Shaul Mofaz – Former IDF Chief of Staff and Israeli Minister of Transport. Had been elected the chairman of the Kadima.
- Mordechai Zar – Israeli politician and former member of the Knesset
- Ramtin Sebty – Head of the IDF's nonconventional weapons defensive alignment
- Zion Evrony – Israel's ambassador to the Vatican and former ambassador to Ireland
- Yosef Shiloach – Israeli comedy actor
- Lior Eliyahu – Israeli professional basketball player
- Ofir Davidzada – Israeli football player
- Liraz Charhi – Israeli actress, singer
- Moussa B. H. Youdim – Professor Emeritus, Winner of Israel Prize for Life Science.
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "Iranian Jews Living in U.S. Have Complex Feelings About Mideast Crisis". Fox News. August 7, 2006.
- ^ Why are people going to Iran?. Jpost.com. Retrieved 2011-05-29.
- ^ Jews, by country of origin and age
- ^ Jadīd Al-Islām: The Jewish "new Muslims" of Meshhed, Raphael Patai
- ^ Ram, Haggai (2008). "Caught Between Orientalism and Aryanism, Exile and Homeland: The Jews of Iran in Zionist/Israeli Imagination". Studies in Culture, Polity, and Identities. 8 (1): 86.
- ^ Goldstein, Judith (1998). Iranian Ethnicity in Israel: The Performance of Identity. New Jersey: Rutgers University. p. 388.
- ^ "Jews, by country of origin and age". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 2009. Archived from the original on 2018-12-24. Retrieved 2015-01-20.
- ^ a b Bell, Bethany (2007-01-12). "Torn loyalties of Israel's Iranian Jews". BBC News. Jerusalem. Retrieved 2023-05-28.
- ^ Ram, Haggai (2008). "Caught Between Orientalism and Aryanism, Exile and Homeland: The Jews of Iran in Zionist/Israeli Imagination". Studies in Culture, Polity, and Identities. 8 (1): 95.
- ^ "A Reminder of How Iran Treats Its Jewish Citizens".
- ^ Tait, Robert (7 Dec 2007). "Iran's Jews Reject Cash Offer to Move to Israel". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 Apr 2013.
- ^ "Table 2.24 – Jews, by country of origin and age" (PDF). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 22 March 2010.
External links edit
- Iran's Jews Archived 2011-06-29 at the Wayback Machine
- Documentary about Iranian Israelis