Khan Choudhury spent the early years of his life in Canada.^[1] His Bengali Muslim father is Abu Hasem Khan Choudhury. He has two uncles, A.B.A. Ghani Khan Choudhury and Abu Nasar Khan Choudhury. His cousin Mausam Noor (daughter of Ghani Khan Choudhury's sister) is a Member of Indian Parliament. All of them are members of the Indian National Congress except Abu Nasar who defected to the Trinamool Congress party.^[2] The Khan Choudhury brothers are former cabinet ministers in the central government.^[3]

In the 2011 West Bengal Assembly election, Khan Choudhury emerged victorious from the Baishnabnagar constituency as a candidate of the Indian National Congress party.^[4] In the election, he defeated a Hindu candidate fielded by the Communist Party of India (Marxist). In the 2016 West Bengal Assembly election, he contested from the Sujapur constituency. He said that he took this decision "on the direction of the party high command".^[5] He was pitted against his own uncle Abu Nasar who switched to the Trinamool Congress party. During his election campaign he said that his uncle did not work for the benefit of the citizens and hence claimed that they were therefore supporting the Congress party.^[6] In the election, he defeated his uncle after he secured 97 thousand votes compared to his uncle's 50 thousand votes.^[7]