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Jack (hero)

Summary

Jack is an English hero and archetypal stock character appearing in multiple legends, fairy tales, and nursery rhymes.

Jack meets a fairy in "Jack and the Beanstalk"

Examples of Jack tales edit

Some of the most famous Jack tales are "Jack and the Beanstalk", "Jack Frost", "Jack the Giant Killer", "Little Jack Horner" and "This Is the House That Jack Built". While these heroes are not necessarily congruous, their concepts are related and in some instances interchangeable.[citation needed]

Nature edit

Jack is generally portrayed as a young adult. Unlike moralizing fairy heroes, Jack is often lazy or foolish, but emerges triumphant through wit and trickery, resembling the trickster or rebel archetypes. Some of the stories feature Jack's brothers, Will and Tom.[citation needed] The notional "Jack" corresponds with the German Hans (or Hänsel) and the Russian Ivan the Fool.[1] Some Jack tales feature themes that appear to originate from Germanic folk tales.

Jack tales in Appalachia edit

"Jack tales" are present in Appalachian folklore.[2][3] As noted by the folklorist Herbert Halpert, the Appalachian Jack tales are analogous to many of the folk songs of Appalachia, being passed on orally rather than in writing, and tracing back to sources in England.[4] In the Appalachian Jack tales, where the English original would feature a king or other noble, the Appalachian Jack tale version would have a sheriff.

In his book The Jack Tales American folklorist Richard Chase collected many popular Appalachian Jack tales as told by descendants of a man named Council Harmon (1803–1896), whose grandfather Cutliff Harmon (1748–1838) was believed by Chase to have brought the Jack tales to America.[5][6] One notable descendant of Council Harmon known for the telling of Jack Tales was Ray Hicks, whose relatives continue to keep the oral tradition alive.[7] The Harmon-Hicks family are also known for their unique repertoire of traditional British folk ballads.[8]

See also edit

Suggested reading edit

  • William Bernard McCarthy, Cheryl Oxford and Joseph Daniel Sobol, Jack in Two Worlds: Contemporary North American Tales and Their Tellers, University of North Carolina Press (1994), ISBN 978-0-8078-2135-0
  • Julia Taylor Ebel, Orville Hicks: Mountain Stories, Mountain Roots, Parkway Publishers (2005), ISBN 978-1-933251-02-8
  • Duncan Williamson, Don't Look Back, Jack!: Scottish Traveller Tales, Canongate Books (1990) ISBN 978-0-862413-09-5

References edit

  1. ^ Jack Zipes (2004). Speaking Out: Storytelling and Creative Drama for Children. Psychology Press. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-4159-6660-3.
  2. ^ Grace Toney Edwards (July 1, 2010). "Wonder Tales in Appalachia". AppLit. Retrieved 2015-01-05.
  3. ^ Roberta T. Herrin (1992). Journey Through Fantasy Literature: A Resource Guide for Teachers. Department of English, College of Arts and Science, East Tennessee State University.
  4. ^ Richard Chase, ed., The Jack Tales, Houghton Mifflin Co., 1943, ISBN 0-395-06694-8. "Told by R. M. Ward and his kindred in the Beech Mountain section of Western North Carolina and by other descendants of Council Harmon (1803–1896) elsewhere in The Southern Mountains; with three tales from Wise County, Virginia. Set down from these sources and edited by Richard Chase; with an appendix compiled by Herbert Halpert; and illustrated by Berkeley Williams, Jr."
  5. ^ Betty N. Smith (1998), Jane Hicks Gentry: A Singer Among Singers, University Press of Kentucky, ISBN 978-0-8131-0936-7, p. 15.
  6. ^ Julia Taylor Ebel and Orville Hicks (1998), Orville Hicks: Mountain Stories, Mountain Roots, University Press of Kentucky, ISBN 978-1-9332-5102-8, p. 11.
  7. ^ goldsteinsl (2019-08-02). "Hicks, Harmon, and Ward Storytelling Tradition on Beech Mountain and in Western North Carolina". Hicks, Harmon, and Ward Storytelling Tradition on Beech Mountain and in Western North Carolina. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  8. ^ "No ordinary banjo". Folklife Today. Library of Congress. 2018-04-12. Retrieved 2020-12-04.

Further reading edit

  • Groome, Francis Hindes (1898). "Tobit and Jack the Giant-Killer". Folklore. 9 (3): 226–244. doi:10.1080/0015587X.1898.9720457. JSTOR 1253058.
  • Lovelace, Martin (2001). "Jack and His Masters: Real Worlds and Tale Worlds in Newfoundland Folktales". Journal of Folklore Research. 38 (1/2): 149–170. JSTOR 3814806. Gale A79395438 ProQuest 853065320.

External links edit

 
Look up Jack in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
  • Folktale Transcripts, 1976-1990, Series 1. Archives of Appalachia.
  • "The Folklore Tradition of Jack Tales". The Center for Children's Books. Graduate School of Library and Information Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 15 Jan 2004. Archived from the original on 10 April 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
  • List of Jack tales at ferrum.edu
  • Jack tales at ibiblio.org
  • Audio recording of a traditional Jack tale (Streaming and downloadable formats)

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