Summary
Jared Irwin (1750 – March 1, 1818) served twice as elected Governor of Georgia (1796–1798) and (1806–1809). He first was elected to office as a reformer based on public outrage about the Yazoo land scandal. He signed a bill that nullified the Yazoo Act, which had authorized the land sales. Challenges to land claims purchased under the former act led to the United States Supreme Court's hearing the case Fletcher v. Peck (1810). In a landmark decision, the Court upheld the land contracts, and ruled that the state law was unconstitutional in trying to nullify valid contracts.
Jared Irwin | |
|---|---|
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| Governor of Georgia | |
| In office January 15, 1796 – January 12, 1798 | |
| Preceded by | George Mathews |
| Succeeded by | James Jackson |
| In office September 23, 1806 – November 10, 1809 | |
| Preceded by | John Milledge |
| Succeeded by | David B. Mitchell |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1750 Anson County, North Carolina (now Mecklenburg County, North Carolina) |
| Died | (aged 67–68) Washington County, Georgia, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic-Republican |
| Signature |  |
Early life and education edit
Jared Irwin was born in 1750 in what was then Anson County, North Carolina. (His birthplace is now located in Mecklenburg County, which was formed from the western portion of Anson County in 1762.) His family moved to Burke County, Georgia when he was young.
Career edit
Irwin fought in the American Revolution, in which he entered the army as a private. During the war, he demonstrated leadership and was promoted to the rank of colonel.[1]
He was a member of the state convention that adopted the Constitution of 1789.
Soon after the end of the war, Georgia and other states rapidly tried to develop their frontier lands. It was an environment ripe for scandal and speculation, which took place in Georgia and other states. Because of public outrage about millions of acres of state lands' being sold for low prices to insider speculators, Irwin was elected Governor in 1795 to clean up the Yazoo land scandal. On February 13, 1796, less than two months after taking office, Irwin signed the bill nullifying the Yazoo Act. To make a public statement, he burned a copy of the Yazoo Act on the grounds of the capital.[2] The legislature had just moved the capital to Louisville in response to the scandal.
During his second term, Irwin administered the state's second land lottery, as land sales and development were still a priority for the state.
In September 1794, 1,200 Georgia militiamen, led by General Irwin acting in conjunction with federal troops stationed on the Oconee, surrounded and isolated General Elijah Clarke's fortifications on the Oconee called the Trans-Oconee Republic.[3] After some negotiation, Clarke agreed to surrender, provided that he and his men would not face prosecution for their actions. Clarke and his followers departed, and the militia burned down the new settlements and fortifications.
Irwin died on March 1, 1818, aged approximately 68 years. A resident of Washington County, Irwin was buried near Ohoopee Baptist Church.
Legacy edit
- The towns of Irwinville and Irwinton, and the county of Irwin[4] were named after him.
References edit
- ^ Irwin, Jared. "Letter, 1789 Oct. 12, Washington County, [Georgia] to George Walton, [Governor of Georgia], A[u]gusta, [Georgia] / Colo[nel] Jared Irwin". Digital Library of Georgia. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
- ^ Warren, C. H. ""Burning of the Yazoo Act," 1914". Georgia Historical Society. Retrieved June 9, 2016.
- ^ Kokomoor, Kevin (November 2015). "Creeks, Federalists, and the Idea of Coexistence in the Early Republic". Journal of Southern History. 81 (4): 830. Retrieved June 10, 2016.
- ^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. pp. 166.
External links edit
- Obituary
- Jared Irwin at Find a Grave
- The Political Graveyard