Summary
Raja Jaswant Singh I (26 December 1626[1] – 28 December 1678) was the Rathore Rajput ruler of the Kingdom of Marwar in the western part of Rajputana modern day Rajasthan .He was a distinguished man of letters and author of noted literary works like "Siddhant-Bodh", "Anand Vilas" and "Bhasha-Bhushan".
| Raja Jaswant Singh I | |
|---|---|
| Maharaja of Marwar | |
 Jaswant Singh Rathore of Marwar | |
| Ruler of Marwar | |
| Reign | 6 May 1638 – 28 December 1678 |
| Coronation | 25 May 1638 |
| Predecessor | Maharaja Gaj Singh |
| Successor | Maharaja Ajit Singh |
| Born | 26 December 1626 Burhanpur, Deccan, Mughal Empire |
| Died | 28 December 1678 (aged 52) Jamrud, Khyber Pass, Mughal Empire |
| Spouses | Bhatiyaniji Ram Kanwarji of Jaisalmer
Hadiji Karam Kanwarji of Bundi Songariji (Chauhanji) Jagroop Kanwarji of Sakhro in Marwar Shekhawatji (Kachwahiji) Jasma Kanwarji of Khandela in Amber Chudasamanji Jaiwant Kanwarji of Junagadh Gaurji Jasrang Kanwarji of Sheopur in Malwa Shekhawatji (Kachwahiji) Atirang Kanwarji of Khandela in Amber Devadiji Anand Kanwarji of Sirohi Sisodiniji Jasroop Kanwarji of Shahpura[disambiguation needed] Chandrawatji (Sisodiniji) Jaisukh Kanwarji of Rampura[disambiguation needed] Jadonji Yash Kanwarji of Karauli Narukiji (Kachwahiji) Suraj Kanwarji of Kakor in Amber |
| Issue | Prithvi Singh (died young)
Jagat Singh (died young) Dalthamban (died infant) Pratap Kanwarji (died infant) Maha Kanwarji (died infant) Ratan Kanwarji (died young) Udai Kanwarji (died young) |
| House | Rathore |
| Father | Maharaja Gaj Singh |
| Mother | Sisodiniji Pratap Deiji d.of Rawat Bhan Singh and grandaughter of Kunwar Shakti Singh of Mewar |
| Religion | Hinduism |
Early life edit
Born on 26 December 1626 at Burhanpur, Jaswant Singh was the youngest son of Maharaja Gaj Singh of Marwar. His mother, Sisodini Pratap Deviji, was the favorite wife of his father and was the daughter Bhan Sisodia, eldest son of Shakti Singh Sisodia.[2]
Reign edit
Jaswant Singh succeeded his father on his death by special decree of the Emperor Shah Jahan, in accordance with his father's wishes, on 6 May 1638.[3] He was invested by Imperial authority and inherited the parganas of Jodhpur, Siwana, Merta, Sojat, Phalodi and Pokharan (Satalmer) in jagir.
He was installed on the gaddi at Sringar Chowki, Mehrangarh, Jodhpur, on 25 May 1638. He was granted the personal title of Maharaja by the Emperor Shah Jahan, on 6 January 1654.
Battle of Dharmatpur edit
Jaswant Singh was appointed by Shah Jahan to stop the advance of the rebel prince Aurangzeb and prince Murad. Army of Jaswant Singh and combined army of both the princes met at Dharmatpur, fifteen miles from Ujjain. The battle was fought on 15 April 1658. Jaswant Singh's advisers suggested a night raid to destroy Aurangzeb's artillery and gunpowder as the Rajput army was almost entirely made up of light cavalry, while Aurangzeb had a well equipped army of heavy cavalry, Artillery and Muskets. However Jaswant Singh replied by saying "It is inconsistent with the manliness of the Rajputs or usage, to employ stratagems or make a night attack".[4] Jaswant Singh was defeated and lost 6,000 of his soldiers.[5] Ratan Singh Rathore, Maharaja of Ratlam and Mokand Das Hada, Rao of Kota were amongst those slain in the battle.[6][7]
Death and succession edit
Prithviraj Singh was Jaswant Singh's son. It is chronicled in Marwar 'khyats' that Aurangzeb presented Prithviraj Singh a dress which was poisoned. On wearing the dress Prithviraj died on 8 May 1667 in great pain at Delhi. Prithviraj was a good leader and a brave prince. Jaswant could not get over the shock of his son's death. He was very saddened because he had no male heir who could seek revenge.
Jaswant's reign lasted until his death at Jamrud, near Peshawar, on the Vikram Samvat calendar date of 10 Pausha of 1735, equivalent to 28 December 1678 on the Gregorian calendar.[8] However, another scholar lists 10 Pausha 1735 V.S. as having been on 28 November 1678.[9]
At the time of his death two of his wives were pregnant, and both would later bear sons. This led to a war in which there were attempts to install Jaswant Singh's elder surviving son Ajit Singh Rathore as ruler of Marwar.[10]
Ancestry edit
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See also edit
References edit
- ^ The Mertiyo Rathors of Merto. Volume II, p. 60.
- ^ Chandra, Satish. Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals. p. 303.
- ^ John F. Richards. The New Cambridge History of India: The Mughal Empire (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993) p. 180-181
- ^ The Rajputs of Rajputana: A Glimpse of Medieval Rajasthan By M. S. Naravane pg.85
- ^ War, Culture and Society in Early Modern South Asia, 1740-1849 By Kaushik Roy pg.33
- ^ Madhya Pradesh District Gazetter: Ratlam pg.366
- ^ Stuart Cary Welch (1987). The Emperors' Album: Images of Mughal India. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 304. ISBN 978-0-87099-499-9.
- ^ "Jodhpur tradition puts the date of his death as 10 Paush Badi, 1735 on Thursday which is equivalent to 28 December 1678", Sri Ram Sharma, Maharana Raj Singh and His Times (Motilal Banarsidass, 1971) p. 56
- ^ "The correct date is Thursday, Paush Vidi 10, 1735 V.S., i.e., November 28, 1678", R.K. Gupta, S.R. Bakshi, Rajasthan Through the Ages (Sarup & Sons, 2008) p. 81
- ^ John F. Richards. The New Cambridge History of India: The Mughal Empire (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993) p. 180-181
- Rathaurha, Vira Durgadasa (2005). Ved Prakash Publisher: Rajbhasha Pustak Pratishthan, Shivaji Marg, Delhi 110053. First published 2005. ISBN 81-88613-10-X