Summary
John Julian McKeithen (May 28, 1918 – June 4, 1999) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 49th governor of Louisiana from 1964 to 1972.[1]
John McKeithen | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 49th Governor of Louisiana | |
| In office May 12, 1964 – May 9, 1972 | |
| Lieutenant | Taddy Aycock |
| Preceded by | Jimmie Davis |
| Succeeded by | Edwin Edwards |
| Personal details | |
| Born | John Julian McKeithen May 28, 1918 Grayson, Louisiana, U.S. |
| Died | June 4, 1999 (aged 81) Columbia, Louisiana, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Marjorie Funderburk |
| Education | High Point College, Louisiana State University |
Early life edit
McKeithen was born in Grayson, Louisiana on May 28, 1918. His father was a farmer.[2]
He studied at High Point College, and later received a law degree from Louisiana State University in 1942. He served in the 77th Infantry Division in the Pacific Theater during World War II.[3] After the war, he settled in Columbia, Louisiana and set up a law practice.[2]
Political career edit
1948–1963 edit
McKeithen was elected to the Louisiana House of Representatives in 1948. Governor Earl K. Long appointed him as floor leader despite his lack of experience and low profile. He lost the race for the Democratic nomination for lieutenant governor in 1952,[4] and in 1954 was elected to the Louisiana Public Service Commission.[3]
First term as governor edit
McKeithen entered the 1963 Democratic primary for Governor of Louisiana. He ran as a populist, running direct-to-camera commercials with a signature catchphrase of "Won't you he'p me?"[3] As was typical for Southern Democrats, he ran as a segregationist, insinuating that his chief rival (New Orleans mayor deLesseps Story Morrison) was an integrationist supported by the NAACP.[5] McKeithen won the Democratic nomination, which in the Deep South at the time was tantamount to election, and defeated the Republican candidate Charlton Lyons in the 1964 general election.[6][7]
McKeithen's first term saw the construction of the Louisiana Superdome, reforms to the state code of ethics, and the Civil Rights Movement.[3]
Shortly after McKeithen's election, he began sending secret payments through the Louisiana State Sovereignty Commission to the Ku Klux Klan leadership, in an attempt to "buy peace" and suppress Klan violence.[8] In one incident, a confident of McKeithen's was sent to Bogalusa with $10,000 in cash to be split equally between local Klan leaders and the local chapter of Deacons for Defense and Justice.[9] These payments by McKeithen were discovered through declassified FBI records in 2016, through the Freedom of Information Act.[8]
Despite his running as a segregationist in 1963, he oversaw the beginning of school integration in Louisiana, and called out the Louisiana National Guard to protect civil rights activists marching from Bogalusa to Baton Rouge. In a speech to a Black audience in 1966, he said regarding integration: "I know I’m not leaving this state, and I don’t think you’re leaving either. So we’ve got to solve our problem."[3]
McKeithen was popular in his first term, and successfully engineered the passage of a constitutional referendum that allowed governors to run for re-election, the first time this had been allowed in Louisiana in the 20th century.[3] He also helped to engineer a referendum for a domed stadium in New Orleans, with the approval (by a margin of roughly 3-to-1) being key in the formation of the first professional team in the state in the New Orleans Saints to begin play in 1967. The initial forecast was for $35 million, complete with financing by a hotel-motel tax of 4% in the city and neighboring Jefferson Parish that would not rely on credit from the state. However, the figure doubled in the ensuing years to the point where (due to factors cited by McKeithen as inflation and rising construction costs) that had to see McKeithen sign a lease between the stadium (as chaired by him) and the state that would see the state rental take form in making up any deficits incurred by the stadium. The Louisiana Superdome eventually opened in 1975.[10]
Second term as governor edit
McKeithen defeated Congressman John Rarick by a wide margin in the 1967 Democratic primary for Governor, and was elected unopposed in the 1968 general election.[11][12] During his second term, a series of articles in Life magazine alleged that he was connected to the New Orleans mafia, though definitive proof did not emerge.[3]
Later life and death edit
After the completion of his second term, McKeithen retired to his farm in Columbia, Louisiana and continued to practice law. He managed an oil and gas company and was appointed to the Board of Supervisors of Louisiana State University in 1983.[3]
McKeithen underwent heart surgery in 1997, after which his health declined. On June 4, 1999, McKeithen died at the age of 81 in Columbia.[2]
References edit
- ^ "John J. McKeithen 1964-1972". Louisiana Secretary of State. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
- ^ a b c Honan, William H. (June 5, 1999). "J. J. McKeithen, 81, Governor Of Louisiana, 1964 to 1972". The New York Times. Retrieved February 12, 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "John J. McKeithen". 64parishes.org. Retrieved February 12, 2022.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - LA Lt. Governor - D Runoff Race - Feb 19, 1952". Ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved February 12, 2022.
- ^ Mark T. Carleton (1993). "The Gubernatorial Campaigns of DeLesseps S. Morrison". Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association. 34 (3): 261–270. JSTOR 4233033.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - LA Governor - D Runoff Race - Jan 11, 1964". Ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved February 12, 2022.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - LA Governor Race - Mar 03, 1964". Ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved February 12, 2022.
- ^ a b Richoux, Patrick (April 25, 2016). "Records: Former gov. set up payments to the Ku Klu Klan". Newspapers.com. The Daily Review. pp. 1, 10. Retrieved September 14, 2022.
- ^ Patrick Richoux (April 27, 2016). "FBI: Former Gov. John McKeithen arranged payments to Ku Klux Klan to quell violence in 1960s". The Advocate. Manship School News Service. Retrieved February 12, 2022.
- ^ "Let Me Make One Thing Clear".
- ^ "Our Campaigns - LA Governor - D Primary Race - Nov 04, 1967". Ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved February 12, 2022.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - LA Governor Race - Feb 06, 1968". Ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved February 12, 2022.